國民學校 女學生의 性役割 態度와 어머니의 性役割 態度에 관한 硏究

Abstract

本 硏究는 性役割 發達에 관한 Kohlberg의 認知發達 理論을 기초로 하여, 국민학교 여학생에 있어서 性役割 態度가 年齡에 따라 어떻게 變化하고 있으며, 그것이 어머니의 性役割 態度와 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 알아보기 위해 兒童用과 어머니용 질문지를 작성하였다. 兒童用 질문지는 兒童의 性役割 槪念과 職業觀을 알아보는 것이고, 어머니용 질문지는 兒童에 대한 期待와 養育熊度 그리고 性役割 槪念을 알아보는 것이다. 硏究에 8세와 11세의 兒童 각각 79명과 그리고 그 兒童들의 어머니 158명이 참여하였다. 本 硏究에서 나타난 結果는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 8세 아동들은 固定的 性役割 態度를 가지고 있었고, 11세 아동들은 性役割 態度에서 유동성을 보이고, 근대적인 경향을 나타냈다. 둘째, 어머니들의 性役割 態度는 兒童들의 性役割 態度에 영향을 미치고 있다. 즉 어머니의 性役割 態度가 근대적이면 딸들의 性役割 態度도 근대적으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 學歷水準이 높을수록 근대적인 性役割 態度를 나타냈고, 그 딸들도 근대적인 경향을 나타냈다. 어머니의 職業有無는 性役割 熊度에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 硏究結果를 종합해 볼 때 몇 개의 선행연구(특히 Meyer와 Marantz & Mansfield)의 結果와 같은 방향으로 나타났고, Kohlberg의 認知發達 理論을 어느 정도 지지해 주고 있다. 즉 8세 아동은 고정화된 性役割 態度를 나타내고, 이들보다 認知的인 發達을 이룩한 11세 아동은 性役割 態度에서 유동성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 性役割 態度가 고정화에서 벗어나는 시기에 적절한 性役割 態度形成을 위한 模型의 제시가 필요하며, 어머니들의 性役割 態度와 딸들의 性役割 態度가 깊은 연관을 가지고 있으므로 어머니들의 올바른 性役割 態度를 정립해야 한다고 본다.;The purpose of this study is to find out how elementary school-girls' attitude on their sex role develops with age and how it is affected by their mothers' attitude. The study was based on Kohlberg's ''Cognitive Developmental Theory." The hypotheses of this study are as follows: Hypothesis 1. Second grade schoolgirls attitude on sex role, like their concepts of sex role and occupation, will be that of a social stereotype. Fifth grade schoolgirls will show social flexibility and modern views in their sex role attitude. Hypothesis 2. The Mother's attitude on sex role will influence the daughter's development of sex role attitude. In other words, if the mother's attitude is modernistic, the daughter's attitude will also tend to be modernistic. Hypothesis 3. The mother's educational level and occupation will affect the daughter's sex role attitude. In other words, if the mother has an occupation and her educational level is high, her sex role attitude will be modern, and consequently her daughter's sex role attitude will also be modern. In order to verify the hypotheses, a survey was conducted. The different age groups used were 8 year olds (second grade elementary school) and I1 year olds (fifth grade elementary school). For each age group, 79 schoolgirls and their respective mothers were used for the reasearch. A questionnaire method was used. The schoolgirls' questionnaire asked the school- girls on their concept of their sex role, and on their occupational overview including the kind of job that would like and the reason for it. The mothers' questionnaire asked the mothers what their expectations on their children were, how they were bringing up their children, and what their opinion was on male-female role. The results are as follows; 1. 11 year old schoolgirls' attitude on sex role departed from the traditional stereotype and tended to be more modernized. 8 year old schoolgirls tended to be social stereotypes in their sex role attitude. 2. If the mother's sex role attitude was modernistic, the daughter's sex role attitude was also modernistic. It was also found that 11 year olds were more deeply influenced by their mothers' sex role attitude than 8 year olds were. 3. The higher the mother's educational level was, both her and her daughter's attitude tended to be more modernistic. It was found that the mother's occupational status had no influence on the daughter's sex role attitude. In summarizing the results, it was found that as a schoolgirl grows in age, her sex role attitude departs from the traditional social stereotype and tends to show a more modernistic view. It was also found that there is a very close correlation between a mother's sex role attitude and her daughter's sex role attitude. Consequently, and viewing the fact that our country is headed for an industrial society a female role concept different from the traditional one and more fit for the new generation should be firmly established. Children who will live in tomorrow's society should learn this concept at home. As shown by the study, 8 year old girls tend to be stereotypes in their sex role attitude, and this attitude starts to depart from the stereotype to a more flexible one as they get older. Therefore, it is at this age that a proper sex role model should be presented to the child. Especially, keeping in mind that the mother's influence is strong, the appropriate sex role attitude should be installed into the child's mind by the mother herself first setting an example of the proper sex role attitude.