兒童의 肥滿에 影響을 미치는 要因에 관한 硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the affecting factors of the obesity of school boys and girls (Age 8 through 16) whose growth is most prominent. Therefore, to collect data, total 704 girls and boys from H elementary and S junior high school were randomly selected. The data were used to calculate M and SD of stature, body weight and R.I. in terms of age and sex. Then, the percentile was produced so as to show general propensity. The relation between R.I. and heredity, nutrition, eating habit, etc. were presented as hereditability, exercise and eating habit by each age and sex. On nutrient, standardized "The rule of 1 point/80Kcal" was used to produce each score of total Kcal and 5 food groups. Correlation matrix of 17 items (physical factor of particular child and his/her parents, nutrient and exercise) was structured The results of this research are as follows ; 1. It showed that girls had a larger physique than boys; Regarding stature, from 11 year-old to 14 year-old, from 12 year-old to 14 year-old. 2. Rohrer Index showed that a sharp descent in both sexes during the earlier half period of schoolchildren, girls manifested a smooth curve than boys. Taking 12 year-old as the lowest point, on the part of girls, it's increase again, and furthermore showed a higher indices than boys after the 14 year-old. 3. Hereditability of Rohrer Index on E group had a relation with 10 year-old boys and 13 year-old girls, and 16 year-old boys and girls. 4. Exercise showed a shorter trends markedly, comparing outdoor exercise of E group to other groups during the latter part of schoolchildren period. 5. Group D and E showed a higher total Kcal compard to other groups, and particularly the group D had been taken more than the group E: Total Kcal index of 16 year-old gils of E group showed a descent remarkably compared to other groups. The meal quantity of E group included more persons who responded that they ate more than others, and E group included least of persons who responded that they took more than 4 meals a day. 6. Heredity had no relation to those individuals who had a much fluctuating difference of Rohrer Index- It indicated those who became obses in a short period. Total Kcal on nutrition had no differences, but compared to other groups, food group I (protein) and food group V (carbohydrates) were taken more than others. On quantity of eating, E group had been taken about two times more than others. 7. It could be said that the obeser schoolchildren got more degree of exercises decreases, because indoor and outdoor exercise is correlated reversely to weight and height. Also as a result of comparing weight and height of one's parents to those of one particular individual, weight of a mother showed a high correlation to it.;本 硏究의 目的은 가장 發育이 왕성한 兒童期(國民學校·中學校를 中心) 兒童의 肥滿에 影響을 미치는 要因들과의 關係를 糾明하는데 있다. 따라서 資料 收集에 있어서 H國民學校와 s中擧校의 男·女學生을 대상으로 실시하여 수집된 704명의 자료를 각 年齡別, 性別로 身長 體重·Rohrer 지수와 一般的인 傾向을 보기 위해 Percentile 을 구하여 비교 검토하였다. 身體充實度와 遺傳·榮養·食習慣·運動狀況 등의 要困과의 關係는 各 等級別 ·年齡別 ·性別로 遺傳强度 놀이時間, 食習慣에 대한 빈도를 산출하여 比較·分析하였으며, 榮養에 대해서는 標準化된 " 80 ㎉ 1 點法 "을 使用해서 Total ㎉ 의 點數 및 5個 食品群 各各의 點數를 산출하여 比較·分析하였다. 또한 本人 및 父母의 體格要素와 榮養, 놀이時間과의 17個 項目間에 Correlation Matrix를 구하여 相互 관련성을 보았다. 硏究 結果는 다음과 같다. 1 . 身長에 있어서 11세부터 14세, 體重에 있어서 12세부터 14세까지 女學生이 男學生의 體格보다 더 큰 現象을 보였다. 2 . Rohrer 지수는 男女 모두 學童期 前半( 8 ~ 10세 )에서 급격히 하강하며, 男子보다 女子가 緩慢한 경사를 보인다. 女學生에 있어서는 12세를 最低點으로 다시 上昇勢를 보이다가 14세 이후에 男子보다 指數가 더 높아진다. 3. Rohrer지수에 대한 遺傳强度(H)는 E等級에 있어서 10세 男學生( H=0.546 ) , 13세 女學生(H=0.304),16세 男學生(H=0.203), , 女學生 (H=0.325 )에게서 相關이 있었다. 4 .놀이時間은 學童期 後半( 11 ~ 13세 )이후 E等級에서 屋外놀이( 0시간)가 다른 等級에 비해 훨씬 적은 傾向을 보였다. 5 . D·E等級의 Total ㎉의 點數가 다른 等級보다 2~8점 더많은 點數를 나타냈고,특히 D等級이 E等級보다 1 ~ 6점 더 높은 點數를 나타냈다. E等級의 16세 女學生은 Total ㎉의 點數가 현저하게 낮아졌다( T= 20.7 ) E等級의 食事量은 다른 친구보다 많이 먹는다라고 답한 경우가 다른 等級보다 많았고, 食事 빈도에서 4끼이상이라고 답한 경우는 제일 적었다. 6 . Rohrer지수의 變動差가 큰 그룹( OE ) , 즉 갑자기 肥滿形이 된 사람에 있어서 遺傳은 별 相關이 없었다. 榮養상태를 보았을 때, Total ㎉는 差異가 없으나 다른 그룹(LA.MC)에 비해 단백질과 脂肪을 더 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 食事量은 다른 친구보다 많이 먹는다고 답한 경우가 다른 그룹의 약 2배에 가까운 비율을 보였다. 7 . 屋外·屋內 놀이時間과 身長·體重과는 逆相關關係(신장： -.2463, 체중： -.2707)를 보이고 있다. 따라서 肥滿할수록 運動量이 적다고 하겠다. 또 아동의 身長·體重과 父母의 身美·體重을 比較해 본 結果, 어머니의 體重과의 관계가 제일 높은 相關을 보이고 있다.