身體的 變因과 心理的 欲求의 相關關係

Abstract

人間의 行動은 環境으로 부터의 刺戟이나 內的인 慾求에 의해 나타나는데 특히 個體 內部에 屬하는 要因인 心理的 慾求가 人間 行動에 미치는 影響은 크다. 最近에 Sports 科學者들에 의해서 人間의 心理的 要因이 運動 行動에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究가 시도되고 있다. 그러나 人間의 行動이나 技能은 內外的인 많은 影響을 받으므로 個人의 素質的 傾向과 아울러 여러 要因의 影響을 짐작할 수는 있지만 決定的으로 어떤 要因이 影響되어 지는 확실하게 밝혀져 있지는 않다. 따라서 本 硏究에서는 體格과 體力이 心理的 欲求와 어떠한 關係를 갖는지를 알고자 硏究를 실시하였다. 硏究 方法으로는 高等學校 2學年 男·女 學生 各 180名씩 總 360名을 對象으로 身體檢査와 體力場 檢査, 그리고 황정규의 欲求 診斷 檢査를 실시한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 體格은 身張만이 女學生의 屈從의 慾求와 關聯이 있고 男學生은 體格이 慾求와 相關이 없다. 2. 體力의 要因을 點數化한 總點과 慾求와의 關係는 總點이 높은 學生, 즉 體力이 우수한 學生은 女學生의 경우 誇示慾求와 親愛慾求가 크며, 男學生의 경우 支配慾求와 親愛慾求, 成就慾求가 크다. 3. 體力의 下位要因과 慾求와의 關係에서 男學生의 경우, 速力은 成就慾求, 親愛慾求, 支配慾求와 關係 있으며 순발력은 親愛慾求, 支配慾求와 關係 있다. 筋力은 成就慾求, 親愛慾求, 支配慾求와 關係 있으며 地球力은 慾求와 關係가 없다. 女學生의 경우, 速力은 屈從慾求, 親愛慾求와 關係 있으며 순발력은 慾求와 關係가 없다. 筋力은 誇示慾求와 關係가 있으며 地球力은 慾求와 關係가 없다.;Purpose Human behavior can be described as the function of the outside stimulus and the inner basic needs. Recently several studies have been attemped to find out the psychological features of the sportsman by sports scientists. For example, there are the studies about relationship between somatic variables which include physique and physical fitness, and self－concept of the sportman and the students. The preceeding studies show that and the psychological needs have great influences on personality and human behavior. This study was attempted to investigate the following questions. First, what relationship exists between variables of physique and those of psychological needs? Second, what relationship exists between variables of physical fitness and those of physical needs? Third, there exist the difference according to sex in relationship between variables of physique and physical fitness, and psychological needs? Method Subjects were 180 second－grade boys and 180 second－grade girls from the Attatched High School. Testand Measurements were carried out during regularly scheduled physical education periods from October 1, 1980 to October 12, 1983. Hwang, Jung－Gyu＇s Measures of psychological needs was selected for use to determine the phychological needs. And physical fitness assessments include measures of coordination, strength, and endurance, which followed current physical fitness test of the Ministry of Education. To indentify the proposed relationship between variables of physique and physical fitness and psychological needs, the correction coefficients were computed. Results A. Physique and psychological needs In case of boy, length, weight and chest girls have no correlation with psychological needs. In case of girls, only length has negative correlation with the needs of Abasement. B. Physical fitness and psychological needs In case of boys, the coordination have positive correlation between the needs of achievement and dominance. The strength have positive correlation with the needs of affiliation, dominance and aggression. The endurance have positive correlation with the needs of achievement and dominance. In case of girls, the coordination have the positive correlation with the needs of affiliation and emotionality. The endurance have the positive correlation with the need of exhibilitionism. And the strength have no correlation with psychological need. Discussion and Conclusion A. Physique and psychological needs as the results described above, boys are not influenced by physique, this can be described as follows that physical skill and strength other than physique can enhance the psychological needs. Girls, length have the regative correlation, this agree with the theory that only length influences on self-concept of girls. B. physical fitness and psychological needs. As the results, this can be described as following. In case of boys, the coordination, skill itself enhance the achievement and superiority needs that the positive correlation exists. In case of boys, the coordination, skill itself enhance the achievement and superiority needs that the positive correlation exists. The strength have correlations with the needs of affiliation, dominance and aggression, this can be described as followings. Strength is the main portion of physical fitness that superiority and fulfillment can operate the endurance can also described. In the case of girls, the coordination have the positive correlation with the need of exhibitionism. Girls have more emphasis on human relations that the needs of exhibitionism wark more than achievement and superiority needs. The strength have no correlation with psychological needs, this can be regarded as strength itself other than appearance and function does not operate in psychological need. The coordination have positive correlation with the needs of affiliation and emotionality other than superiority and fulfillment. This can be also described in view of human relations.