19세기 Romantic Ballet 전성기의 Marius Petipa에 관한 연구

Abstract

19세기 後半 러시아 Ballet의 歷史는 Marius Petipa의 이름으로 象徵된다. Marius Petipa는 프랑스의 무용가 집안에서 태어나 7살때 부터 그의 아버지 Jean Antonia Petipa(1796~1855)에게 무용을 배우기 시작하여 어린나이에 무대에 섰으며 그의 모든 성장과정에서 무용수 안무가로서의 잠재력을 나타내었다. 그는 파리에서 예술의 거장이라 할 수 있는 Auguste Vestris(1760~1842)에게 Ballet의 완전한 테크닉을 전수받았고 Paris Opera에 데뷔하면서 뛰어난 演技者 無言劇 배우로서 그 時代의 가장 정평있는 남성무용수가 되었다. 1847년 러시아 「St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet Theater」 수석무용수의 위치로 러시아에 간 Marius Petipa는 그의 생애중 50여년간을 러시아 Ballet 발전을 위해 노력하였으며 <파라오의 딸> (Pharaoh's daughter)의 성공으로 러시아 Ballet 界에서 안무가로서의 능력을 인정받기 시작하면서 러시아 Ballet와 깊이 밀착되었다. Marius Petipa는 Jules Perrot(1810~1892)밑에서 무용수로 활약하는 동안 극적으로 확산시키는 구성, Pas d'action을 통한 스토리의 전개 각국 민속무용의 무언극 장면에 관한 안무성향의 영향을 받아 자신의 독특한 개성으로 새로운 스타일의 작품을 안무하였으며 그의 후반기에는 enchainement의 천재성을 지녔던 Christian Johansson(1817~1903)과의 만남으로서 <잠자는 숲속의 미녀> (The Sleeping Beauty)와 같은 Classic Ballet 불후의 名作을 남길 수 있었다. Marius Petipa는 많은 작품을 남기었지만 특히 코메디 Ballet인 <Don Quixote>와 비극 Ballet인 <La Bayade`re>의 성공으로 자신의 안무능력을 최고의 절정기에 올려놓았으며 많은 자신의 작품에서 테크닉으로 능하였던 Yekaterina Vazem, 무언극의 재능을 지였던 Yevgnia Sokolova, 서정적 무용수 Varvora Nikitina 등 많은 무용수를 배출시켰다. 안무가로서 Marius Petipa는 enchainement·grand pas de deux·A` grand spectacle 등의 Ballet 패턴을 창출하였고 무용연출 開發에 있어서도 새로운 體系를 만들었으며 무용과 음악의 양쪽에 포함된 情緖的 내용을 뛰어나게 調和시키는데 성공하였다. 고전주의적 Ballet의 스타일과 構造가 확고히 고정된 것은 Marius Petipa가 러시아 Ballet界를 지배하고 있던 시기의 업적이었고, 안무가로서의 강인한 지도력과 방향의 선명함으로 19세기 후반의 「St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet Theater」를 다른 어떤 Ballet Theater도 따를 수 없는 훌륭한 단체로 만들었다. Marius Petipa의 모든 업적은 러시아 Ballet 발전에 기반을 부여하였으며 또한 20세기 현대 Ballet가 탄생되는 기초적 여건을 형성하는데 영향을 주었고 Romantic Ballet의 전성기를 이루었음은 의심할 여지가 없다.;The second half of the nineteenth century is closely associated in the history of Russian ballet, with the name of Marius Petipa Marius Petipa was born in a family of dancer in France. At the age of seven, he began to learn ballet from his father, Jean Antonia Petipa (1796-1855), and the young latent ability for a choreographer began to shine on stages and in process of his growing time. In Paris, he learnt perfect ballet techniques from Auguste Vestris (1760-1842), the famous choreographer of those days and his name of genius spread as the most promising male dancer as well as an excellent actor cum miming expert on stages. Marius Petipa went over from France to Russia in 1847 as a senior choreographer of St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet Theatre and worked there for 50 and odd years of his life. Upon success of his masterpiece 'Pharaoh's daughter' there, he became closer to the Russian ballet and the whole nation highly appreciated his ability of professional choreographer. Marius Petipa, during his days of dancing member under instruction of Jules Perrot (1810-1892), managed to develop his dramatic organization changing techniques, deployment skill of story through the Pas d'action and his masterpiece of stage, completely new in style that was resulted from mingling his personality with miscellaneous folk dancing modes of alien countries. In his late days, he met Christan Johansson (1817-1903), the genius who left the famous work of Enchainement, and this rendezvous made him possible to produce those sparkling pieces of classic ballet like the Sleeping Beauty. Marius Petipa has left many works behind him, notably 'Don Quixote' of comedy version and 'La Bayadere' of tragedy version, that put him at the top of the world fame. In his short span of life, he was able to train many dancing professionals e.g., Yekaterina Vazem who was a born expert in stage techniques, Yeugenia Sokolova talented in miming works, Varvora Nikitina who was successful in mixing lyric poetry into her dances and many other choreographers. As a choreographer, Marius Petipa initiated the patterns of Enchainement, Grand pas do deux, A grand spectacle, etc., invented a new system of dancing techniques and was acclaimed by the world for his successful formulation of mystic atmosphere on his stages coordinating the dancer's physical world and the musical world in a perfect harmony. Thanks to his relentless effort and well seasoned sense of humor as well as initiation plus innovation, the Russian classic ballet style and its infrastructure has finally become stable and substantial. It is a well known fact that St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet Theatre of the 19th century lead the whole world of ballet due to his strong leadership a□ a choreographer with his deep dedication to the ballet dancing. The Russian ballet development, it is certainly known widely and nobody doubts, has been founded on his excellent works and flourished so far because of his ability, that influenced very much on the advent of modern Russian ballet. Marius Petipa is a man of nuclear importance in the history of Romantic Ballet.