낙상예방교육이 입원 노인환자의 낙상관련지식, 낙상예방행위 및 낙상효능감에 미치는 효과

Abstract

본 연구는 낙상예방교육을 통해 입원노인환자의 낙상관련지식, 낙상예방행위 및 낙상효능감 간의 관계를 파악하기 위한 준실험설계 연구이다. 자료수집기간은 2013년 4월 1일부터 4월 15일까지는 대조군의 자료수집을, 2013년 4월 16일부터 5월 3일까지는 실험군의 자료수집을 하였으며, 서울시에 소재하고 있는 C 대학병원 병동에 입원하고 있는 환자 중 실험군 35명, 대조군 35명, 총 70명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 낙상관련지식 측정도구는 현일선(2009)이 만든 도구를 수정 보완하여 측정했고, 낙상예방행위 측정도구는 김민영(2008)이 만든 도구를 수정 보완하여 측정했다. 낙상효능감 측정도구는 Tinetti(1990)이 개발한 Fall Efficacy Scale(FES)를 장숙랑 등(2003)이 번역, 역번역하여 만든 한국어판 낙상 효능 척도로 측정되었다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 19.0을 이용하여 일반적 특성과 질병관련 특성은 실수와 백분율, 평균 및 표준편차로 분석하였고, 실험군과 대조군의 낙상관련지식, 낙상예방행위 및 낙상효능감의 정도는 평균과 표준편차로 분석하였다. 실험군과 대조군의 낙상관련 지식, 낙상예방행위 및 낙상효능감의 차이는 paired t-test로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 실험군과 대조군의 낙상지식 점수는 실험군 7.68 ± 0.79 이었고, 대조군 7.11 ± 1.45 로 낙상예방교육을 받은 실험군과 대조군 간의 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(t=-3.544, p=.001). 2. 실험군과 대조군의 낙상예방행위 점수는 실험군 25.17 ± 4.84 이었고, 대조군 20.83 ± 4.13 로 낙상예방교육을 받은 실험군과 대조군 간의 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(t=-5.503, p<.001). 3. 실험군과 대조군의 낙상효능감 점수는 실험군 70.26 ± 26.08 이었고, 대조군 64.63 ± 21.25 로 낙상예방교육을 받은 실험군과 대조군 간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(t=-.785, p=.435). 이상의 연구결과를 통해 낙상예방교육은 입원노인환자의 낙상관련지식 및 낙상예방행위를 향상시키는데 효과가 있었으므로 입원노인환자를 대상으로 낙상예방을 위한 간호중재로 적용할 수 있으리라 생각된다. 그러나 입원노인환자의 낙상효능감을 향상시키는 데에는 효과가 없었으므로 입원노인환자의 낙상효능감에 영향을 미치는 추가 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.;This study uses the quasi-experimental design in order to understand the differences of knowledge, activity of preventing falls, and fall efficacy in elderly patients in hospital after providing control group with the education for prevention of falls. This study was a set of total 70 persons consisting of respectively the experimental group of 35 persons and the control group of 35 persons who were hospitalized in a certain ward of the 'C' University's Hospital that was located in Seoul. An equipment of measuring the knowledge related to falls was developed through the revision and supplementation of the particular measuring equipment, which was made by Hyun, Il-seon (2009), and it was used for the measurement of the fall-related knowledge. Also, a tool of measuring the activities to prevent falls was developed through the revision and supplementation of the tool that was made by Kim, Min-yeong (2008). As a tool of measuring fall efficacy, the Korean version of the measuring scale for fall efficacy, which was translated and re-translated of Tinetti's Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) (1990) by Jang, Sook-lang and et al. (2003), was used. SPSS 19.0 was used, descriptive statistics, and paired t-test. The results of this study are as the following. 1. The scores of the knowledge on falls in both the experimental group and the control group were, respectively, 7.68 ± 0.79 after the fact in the experimental group, and 7.11 ± 1.45 after the fact in the control group. A significant difference appeared between the experimental group and the control group that were provided with the education about prevention of falls (t = -3.544, p = .001). 2. The scores of the activities to prevent falls in both the experimental group and the control group were, respectively, 25.17 ± 4.84 after the fact in the experimental group, and 20.83 ± 4.13 after the fact in the control group. A meaningful difference appeared between the experimental group and the control group that were provided with the education about prevention of falls (t = -5.503, p< .001). 3. The scores of the fall efficacy in both the experimental group and the control group were, respectively, 70.26 ± 26.08 after the fact in the experimental group, and 64.63 ± 21.25 after the fact in the control group. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group that were provided with the education about prevention of falls (t = -.785, p =.435). Through the research results above, it can be known that the education for preventing falls would be efficient for improving the knowledge related to falls of elderly patients in hospital as well as the activities to prevent falls. Accordingly, it can be also expected that such education will be applied as a method of nursing intervention for preventing falls of elderly patients in hospital. Yet, since the education has not shown any efficiency in increasing hospitalized elderly patients' fall efficacy, it is necessary to develop an additional program for education that can affect the fall efficacy of elderly patients in hospital.