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dc.contributor.advisor김영주-
dc.contributor.advisor조인호-
dc.contributor.author이상미-
dc.creator이상미-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T03:08:10Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T03:08:10Z-
dc.date.issued2013-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000080200-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/205330-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000080200-
dc.description.abstract본 연구는 임신 중 모체의 식이제한 노출에 따른 자손 뇌의 식욕 조절과 간 지질 대사에 미치는 발현체 및 후생유전체적 영향을 동물 실험을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 8 주령 Sprague-Dawley(SD)종 수컷 흰 쥐와 암컷 흰 쥐를 1 주일간 순화시킨 후, 9 주째에 교배를 시켜 모체를 2군으로 나누었다. 임신 10일째부터 22 일까지 식이를 제한하였으며, 임신 기간과 수유 기간 모두 정상 식이를 한 대조군 (C group), 임신 기간 동안 50 % 제한 식이 후, 수유기간 이후에는 정상 식이를 한 실험군 (FR group)으로 나누었다. 각 모체 2 군에서 태어난 재태 연령 3 주째의 자손 쥐의 간과 뇌하수체를 이용하여 식욕 조절과 간 지질 대사와 관련된 유전자의 mRNA 및 단백질, DNA 메틸화 변화를 발현체 및 후생유전체 분석을 통하여 측정하였다. 실험군의 생후 3 주령 자손 쥐 뇌하수체에서 식욕 조절 관련 유전자인 neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopimelanocortin (POMC)의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현은 대조군의 비해 감소하였으며, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현은 대조군의 비해 증가하였다. 자손 쥐 간에서 지질 대사 관련 유전자인 fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1)의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현은 대조군의 비해 감소하는 경향이었으며, acetyl-CoA carboxylate α (ACCα)의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현은 두 군 간의 차이가 없었다. 또한, 이 유전자들의 프로모터 영역의 메틸화 변화를 분석한 결과 NPY, MC4R, FAS, SREBP1은 두 군 모두 전체적으로 저메틸화 상태, ACCα는 과메틸화 상태로 차이가 없었다. 하지만 유일하게 POMC의 -166 bp 위치에서 식이 제한한 실험군에서 태어난 차산자는 대조군의 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 메틸화가 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 임신 중 식이 제한은 자손 뇌와 간의 식욕 조절 및 지질 대사에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 보이며 특히 뇌하수체의 POMC 유전자는 후생 유전학적 영향을 받음으로써 비만 조기 마커로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 이에 자손의 뇌와 간, 더 나아가 정상적인 성장과 발달을 위하여 임신 기간 동안 모체의 적절한 영양 상태를 유지하는 것이 매우 중요하다.;Fetal programming implies that maternal stimuli such as diet during pregnancy can have long-term effects on offspring. The differential effects of maternal food restriction during pregnancy and hypothalamic regulation and hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring are still unclear. This study therefore investigated whether maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of mRNA and protein, DNA methylation of genes related to obesity in the brain and the liver of 3-week-old rat offspring. At day 10 of gestation, Spraque-Dawley (SD) pregnant rats were divided into two groups: 1) a control group (C), given an ad libitum diet throughout the whole experimental period; and 2) a food restriction group (FR), given a 50 % food-restricted diet during pregnancy and normal diet after delivery. The expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopimelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the brain, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylate alpha (ACCα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of 3-week-old offspring were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. DNA methylations at the promoter of the above genes were also examined using pyrosequencing analysis. In the hypothalamus of the brain, the mRNA and protein expression of NPY and POMC were significantly lower in the FR group than in the C group (p < 0.05). However, mRNA and protein expression of MC4R was significantly increased in the FR group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, according to the methylation profile, POMC was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the FR group compared to the C group of among males, while other genes were mostly at low levels in both the C and the FR groups. In the liver, the protein expression of FAS and SREBP1 were significantly lower in the FR group than in the C group (p < 0.05). The protein expression of ACCα did not differ between the two groups. However, no differences in mRNA expression and the methylation profile of ACCα, FAS and SREBP1 were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, maternal food restriction during pregnancy may perturb alterations of hypothalamic appetite regulators including NPY, POMC and MC4R, and hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes such as ACCα, FAS, SREBP1. Based on these results, POMC in the brain can be considered as an early obesity marker. Therefore, a mother’s optimal nutrient intake needs to be emphasized during pregnancy.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Obesity 1 B. Fetal programming 2 C. Epigenetics and DNA methylation 3 D. Hypothalamic regulation in the brain 5 E. Hepatic lipid metabolism in the liver 6 Ⅱ. OBJECTIVES 8 Ⅲ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 A. Maternal rat diets 9 B. Offspring 9 C. Visceral fat area analysis 12 D. Biochemical analysis 12 E. cDNA microarray 13 F. Analysis of cDNA microarray data 14 G. Quantitative real-time PCR 14 H. Western blot analysis 17 I. Pyrosequencing analysis 18 J. Statistical analysis 19 Ⅳ. RESULTS 21 A. Body weight 21 B. Visceral fat area 21 C. Lipid profile, glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels 25 D. Rat whole genome 80K cDNA microarray 28 E. The mRNA expression of NPY, POMC and MC4R in the hypothalamus of brain 32 F. The protein expression of NPY, POMC and MC4R in the hypothalamus of brain 34 G. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hypothalamic NPY promoter 36 H. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hypothalamic POMC promoter 41 I. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hypothalamic MC4R promoter 45 J. The mRNA expression of ACCα, FAS and SREBP1 in the liver 50 K. The protein expression of ACCα, FAS and SREBP1 in the liver 52 L. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hepatic ACCα promoter 54 M. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hepatic FAS promoter 58 N. DNA methylation pattern of CpG sites within the hepatic SREBP 1 promoter 62 Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 66 Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 74 REFERENCES 75 국문초록 87-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1462676 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleImpact of maternal food restriction during pregnancy on offspring growth and obesity-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.title.subtitleFetal programming-
dc.title.translated임신 중 모체의 식이제한 노출이 자손 성장과 비만에 미치는 영향 : 태아 프로그래밍-
dc.creator.othernameLee, Sang Mi-
dc.format.pagexii, 88 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 의과학과-
dc.date.awarded2013. 8-
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