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dc.contributor.advisor이동희-
dc.contributor.author홍승현-
dc.creator홍승현-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T03:08:45Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T03:08:45Z-
dc.date.issued2011-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000068304-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/204502-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000068304-
dc.description.abstract이 연구에서는 새로운 위암 진단표지자 또는 위암 관련 유전자를 밝히기 위해, microarray를 이용하여 도출된 위암 조직과 정상 조직 간의 발현 차이로부터 정상 조직 보다 위암 조직에서 더 높은 수준으로 발현하는 유전자를 파악하고 그 중에서 현재까지 종양형성과 관련하여 연구 된 적이 없는 유전자 7개를 (ADCY3, PPRC1, GLT25D1, LOC196463, FAM38A, FAM62A, AYTL2) 먼저 선정하여 RT-PCR 과 qRT-PCR을 이용하여 후보 유전자의 mRNA 발현 차이를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 정상세포주와 정상 조직과 비교하여 위암 세포주와 위암 조직에서 mRNA 발현 차이가 가장 큰 ADCY3 유전자를 표적후보유전자로 선정하였다. ADCY3 유전자는 adenosine triphosphate (ATP)를 2차 전달자인 cyclic AMP (cAMP)로 가수분해 시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있지만 아직 세부적인 생물학적 기능에 대해서는 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 단백질 발현을 살펴본 결과, mRNA 발현과 동일하게 대부분의 위암 세포주에서 정상 세포주보다 높게 나타났으며 Northern blot analysis를 통해 위암 외의 다른 암종의 세포주에서도 높은 발현을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 이 실험을 통해서 alternative splicing variant는 확인 할 수 없었다. 위암에서의 ADCY3의 기능적 영향을 알아보기 위해 Small interfering RNA (siRNA)를 이용하여 ADCY3 유전자를 silencing 시키거나 ADCY3를 과발현 시켜 보았을 때, 이 유전자를 silencing 시킨 세포주에서는 변화가 없었지만 ADCY3 유전자를 과발현 시킨 세포주에서는 mobility와 proliferation 능력이 현저히 증가하였다. 추가로 ADCY3 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 기작을 찾기 위해 promoter 부위의 DNA methylation을 분석한 결과, 위암 세포주에서 ADCY3 promoter 부분의 DNA methylation 수준과 mRNA 발현 수준이 상당히 연관성이 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 ADCY3 유전자가 위암 특이적으로 발현한다는 것을 밝혔으며 이 발현이 DNA methylation에 의해 조절된다는 것을 알아냈다. 또한 이 유전자가 세포의 mobility와 proliferation의 변화를 일으킨다는 것을 보였으며, 이를 통해 위암의 형성에 중요한 역할을 할 것이라는 것을 보임으로서 ADCY3 유전자가 위암의 진단용 분자 표지자 또는 치료 타겟으로 쓰일 수 있는 가능성을 제시했다.;In order to identify novel molecular biomarkers and/or tumor-related genes for gastric cancer, the gene expressions of gastric cancer and normal tissue were analyzed based on microarray data. For my subject, seven (ADCY3, PPRC1, GLT25D1, LOC196463, FAM38A, FAM62A, AYTL2) genes were primarily chosen, based on the criteria that they were overexpressed in cancer tissues and had no reported association with tumorigenesis to date. Of these, ADCY3 gene was finally selected as the target gene since it showed the highest tumor specific overexpression of mRNA in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues according to the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results. Although ADCY3 gene is known to be involved in the conversion of ATP into the universal second messenger cyclic adenosine-3’, 5’-monophosphate (cAMP), its principal biological function remains unclear. In this study, I found that the protein and mRNA level of ADCY3 are upregulated in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. Northern blot analysis confirmed this in diverse cell lines, but alternative splicing variants were not detected. The functional effect of ADCY3 in gastric cancer was examined in a cell line by gene silencing and overexpression. Even though gene silencing using siRNA did not show any detectable functional changes in the cell line, the capacity of cell mobility and proliferation was increased when ADCY3 was overexpressed. Subsequently, the DNA methylation status of ADCY3 promoter regions showed significant correlation with its expression patterns in gastric cancer cell lines. Taken together, this study demonstrates the possible role of ADCY3 gene in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer by changing cell mobility and proliferation. Here, I propose the ADCY3 gene as a novel gastric cancer associated gene and subsequently a future candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Further studies on the molecular mechanisms will be needed to elucidate how the ADCY3 mediated cell mobility and proliferation in the progression of cancer.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1 Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 1. Microarray analysis and tissue samples 9 2. Search for the expression profile of ADCY3 gene 12 3. Cell cultures 14 4. Total RNA and genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction from cultured cells 16 5. Quantity and quality control of DNA and RNA 18 6. cDNA Synthesis 20 7. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) 21 8. Quantitative Real- Time PCR (qRT-PCR 26 9. Western blot analysis 31 10. Northern blot analysis 33 11. Silencing of the ADCY3 gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment 37 12. Expression cloning of ADCY3 gene 40 13. Automatic sequencing for sequence analysis 44 14. Overexpression of ADCY3 gene 47 15. Cell Migration and cell invasion assay 48 16. Colony formation assay 51 17. Bisulfite conversion 51 18. Primer design for Methylation- Specific High Resolution Melting analysis (MS-HRM) and EpiTYPERTM assay 52 19. Methylation-Speific High Resolution Melting assay (MS-HRM) 59 20. Bisulfite sequencing 61 21. Amplification of genomic DNA (gDNA) 61 22. Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatas (SAP) treatment 63 23. In vitro transcription and RNase A cleavage 63 24. Mass spectometry (MALDI-TOF-MS measurements) 64 25. Statistical analysis 65 Ⅱ. RESULTS 66 1. Selection of the candidate genes associated with gastric cancer in microarray data 66 2. Target gene validation by RT-PCR 68 3. Verification of target genes: ADCY3, PPRC1, FAM62A 71 4. Expression profiling of ADCY3 in cancer samples from different microarray data 75 5. Expression Analysis of ADCY3 in a variety of cell lines and gastric cancer tissues 78 6. Detection of protein expression level for ADCY3 in cancer cell lines 81 7. Expression Analysis of ADCY3 in cancer cell lines and normal cell lines 84 8. Silencing of ADCY3 gene by siRNA treatment 89 9. ADCY3 overexpression in transfected cells 96 10. Effect of silencing and overexpression of ADCY3 on cell migration 98 11. Effect of silencing and overexpression of ADCY3 on invasion 100 12. Effect of silencing and overexpression of ADCY3 on colony formation assay 102 13. DNA methylation status of ADCY3 promoter 104 Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 111 1. Identification of the novel gastric cancer associated gene: ADCY3 111 2. Functional analysis of ADCY3 118 3. Regulation of cancer specific ADCY3 expression by promoter methylation 122 Ⅴ. REFERENCE 126 Ⅵ. 국문초록 135-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent8440226 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleIdentification and characterization of ADCY3 as a novel gene in human gastric cancer-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.creator.othernameHong Seung Hyun-
dc.format.pagexii, 134 p-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부생명과학전공-
dc.date.awarded2011. 8-
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