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dc.contributor.advisor이동희-
dc.contributor.author황효주-
dc.creator황효주-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T11:08:29Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T11:08:29Z-
dc.date.issued2010-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000060899-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/203900-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000060899-
dc.description.abstract식물은 땅에 고정되어 살아가는 생물체로써, 외부의 환경변화에 대해 그대로 노출되어 있다. 다양한 환경 스트레스 중 저온 스트레스는 식물이 생육 및 번식에 결정적인 요인으로 작용하므로 중요하게 다루어 진다. 저온 스트레스 내성과 관련된 유전자를 찾기 위한 선행연구 중, SAGE 발현 정보에서 저온에 강한 esk1이라는 애기장대의 mutant를 애기장대와 비교 연구에서 여러 유전자, AMK이나 MPK 등의 유전자가 높게 발현됨을 확인하였으며, 본 연구에서는 높게 발현된 유전자 중에서도 Calmobulin-Binding Protein (CBP), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 (MPK3) 유전자를 선정하여 저온 민감성에 대해서 이 유전자들이 미치는 영향에 대해 실험하였다. CBP는 key messenger의 역할을 하는 Ca2+ 과 결합을 하며, signal pathway로써 작동을 한다. 이 유전자가 cold stress에 어떤 기능을 하는지 파악하기 위해 Artificial microRNA 방법을 이용한 형질전환 애기장대를 제작하였다. 발현 양이 감소된 식물체를 만들어 저온 민감성 테스트를 한 결과 CBP가 knock-down 된 형질 전환 식물체에서는 생존율이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 CBP 유전자가 식물체 내에서 분자적으로는 어떤 반응이 나타나는지 알아보기 위해 ‘Cold chip’을 이용한 microarray실험을 진행하였다. CBP 기능을 분석하기 위해 Co-expression gene set 과 cold network gene set을 통해 특징적으로 발현하는 유전자 그룹을 분석한 결과, signal 과 호르몬과 관련된 유전자들이 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 형질전환 식물체 내에서 스트레스에 대해 반응하는 signal이 작동하지 못하고, 호르몬의 변화에 의해 Cold에 민감하게 작용을 하는 것으로 추측된다. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 (MPK3)는 MAP kinase signaling을 통해 cell division, 또는 다양한 stress에 반응하고, hormone signaling, 즉 auxin, ethylene 생성에도 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 저온 스트레스에 반응하는 유전자의 기능을 알기 위해 과다발현 애기장대와 유전자가 결손 된 애기장대를 제작하였다. 발현 양이 증가된 형질 전환 식물체를 가지고 저온 민감성 테스트를 한 결과 MPK3를 과다 발현시킨 형질전환 체에서 생존율이 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고, 기능이 결손 된 애기장대는 생존율이 감소되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 실험을 통해 식물에서의 MPK3가 저온 민감성에 대해 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 MPK3 유전자가 식물체 내에서 분자적으로는 어떤 반응을 나타나는지 알아보기 위해 과다발현 시킨 MPK3를 ‘Oligo chip’을 이용하여 microarray실험을 진행하였다. MPK3 기능을 분석하기 위해 Co-expression gene set 을 통해 특징적으로 발현하는 유전자 그룹을 분석한 결과, major CHO metabolism 과 redox 유전자가 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 즉, redox 는 DNA damages 시 작동하는 물질로 알려 져 있다. 이런 repair system의 발현 증가와, 광합성, 세포벽, 지질합성에 관련된 transcription level 의 증가로 인해 형질전환 식물체 내에서 Cold에 강하게 작용을 하는 것으로 추측된다. 따라서 이들 유전자는 저온 스트레스 강화에 기여 할 것이다.;Herbaceous temperate plants are capable of developing freezing tolerance when they are exposed to low nonfrezzing temperatures. Acquired freezing tolerance involves extensive reprogramming of gene expression and metabolism. In order to elucidate the roles of calmodulin binding protein and MPK3 in cold stress responses experiments were performed. CaM-binding proteins (CBP) is a calmodulin-binding family protein, Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional Ca2+ sensor, interacts with a wide variety of cellular proteins and modulates their activity/function in regulating diverse cellular processes. A wide range of CBPs include metabolic enzymes, transcriptional factors, ion channels and pumps, and structural proteins. To understand the role of CBPs in cold stress response, transgenic plants with Artifical microRNA of CBPs were constructed. The construct containing ami-RNA of CBPs transgenic plamts did not show abnormal phenotypes including growth and developmental detects. However, knock-down of CBP transgenic plant is more sensitive to cold stress response than wild type. To gain insights of the roles of CBP in cold stress responses, microarray was performed to gene expression profiles on knock-down mutant of CBP. The general changes of transcripts in cold tolerance, CBP transgenic plant was analyzed using 1.6 K cDNA microarray. By applying the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with co-expressed gene sets, genome-wide identification of periodically expressed gene sets synchronized to cold response were performed. Among the genes that display these characteristics, the roles of transcription factor activity, calcium ion binding, and calmodulin binding. Transcription factor activity expressed in CBP transgenic plant may repress the cold stress and as a result, ami-RNA mutant of CBPs is more sensitive in cold response than wild type. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), specific class of serine/threonine protein kinases, plays a central role in the transduction of extra – and intracellular signals and are conserved throughout eukaryotes. In plants, MAP kinases are represented by multigene families and are organized into a complex network for efficient transmission of specific stimuli. Most of the biotic (pathogens and pathogen-derived elicitors) including wounding and abiotic stresses (salinity, cold, drought, and oxidative) can induce defense responses in plants through MAP kinase pathways. To understand the role of MPK3 in cold stress response MPK3 over-expression transgenic plants were analized. The over-expression of MPK3 had alter the growth and development of the plant in comparison with wild type. Also the cold stress tolerance in the transgenic plant was highly enhanced compare to wild type plant. To understand the mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance, microarray was performed to obtain gene expression profiles on over-expression mutant of MPK3. The general changes of transcripts in cold tolerance, MPK3 transgenic plant was analyzed using oligonucleotide chip (Operon, U.Arizona.USA). By applying the GSEA with co-expressed gene sets, genome-wide identification of periodically expressed gene sets synchronized to cold response were performed. Among the genes that display these characteristics; the roles of lipid metabolism, hormone metabolism, redox, and tetrapyrrole synthesis. These genes set expressed in MPK3 transgenic plant may increase the cold response, so these gene sets that play a role in the protection against cold stress.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsCHAPTER I. General Introduction 1 CHAPTER II. Roles of Calmodulin-binding family protein in cold stress response 9 INTRODUCTION 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 1. Construction of CBP ami-RNA plasmid 14 2. Construction of CBP knock-down Arabidopsis 17 3. Characterization of CBP ami-RNA transgenic Arabidopsis 18 3.1 Conformation of the production of ami-RNA precursor 18 3.2 Confirmation of CBP knock-down 19 4. Cold sensitivity assay 19 5. RNA isolation and preparation of labeled target for microarray experiment 20 6. Microarray hybridization 21 7. Analysis of microarray data using GSEA 22 RESULTS& DISCUSSION 24 1. Expression level of CBP in CBP knock-down plant 24 2. Effect of CBP knock-down on the cold stress sensitivit 24 3. Gene expression profiles of CBP knock-down plants 26 4. Analysis of microarray data using GSEA method 32 5. Analysis of cold response in CBP knock-down Arabidopsis using cold stress network gene sets 44 CHAPTER III. Roles of Mitogen-activated protein in cold stress responses 50 INTRODUCTION 51 MATERIALS AND METHODS 55 1. Construction of MPK3 over-expression Arabidopsis 55 1. 1 Transformation of MPK3 over-expression plasmid 55 1. 2 Selection of MPK3 over-expression in plants 55 2. Confirmation of chromosomal integration of MPK3 over-expression plasmid 56 3. MPK3 knock-down Arabidopsis line 57 4. The characterization of growth and development 57 5. Cold sensitivity assay 58 6. RNA isolation and probe labeling 59 7. Data acquisition and basic analysis 59 8. Analysis of microarray data using GSEA 60 RESULTS& DISCUSSION 61 1. Expression level of MPK3 61 2. Growth and development of MPK3 over-expressing plants 61 2. 1 Morphological changes in leaf 61 3. Enhancement of cold stress tolerances in MPK3 over-expression 67 4. Cluster analysis of microarray data using GSEA method 70 CONCLUSION 80 REFERENCES 82 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 86-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent4948205 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleRoles of CBP and MPK3 in cold stress responses of Arabidopsis-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pagexi, 88 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부생명과학전공-
dc.date.awarded2010. 8-
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