ICAI 진단 교사 모형의 설계 및 구현

Abstract

본 논문은 일차 방정식을 주제 영역으로 하여 학습자의 오류를 진단하는 ICAI의 진단 교사 모형(Diagnostic Tutors)을 설계 및 구현한다. 진단 교사 모형은 규칙(Rule)과 비규칙(Mal-Rule)의 지식 베이스를 사용하여 학습자의 문제 풀이 과정을 모델화하고 학습자의 지식 상태를 반영하는 학습자 모델을 형성한다. 또한 학습자가 적용한 규칙과 비규칙을 분석하여 학습자의 지식 상태를 진단하고 그에 적합한 교정 교수를 수행한다. 이 진단 교사 모형은 문제 풀이 과정에서 얻는 학습자의 학습 정보를 통해서 학습자의 학습 성취도, 학습 성향, 학습자의 잘못 이해된 개념 및 학습진행상의 문제점을 진단하고 교정 교수를 수행하여 개별 학습( Individualized Instruction)이 제공되는 ICAI 교육 환경을 제안하였다.

; The development of modern mass media, have made television essential factor in our daily lives. In results, people spend more time in watching TV. Especially when we consider the effect of TV program which takes an important part in modern society, the study concerning TV program and high quality of TV program production becomes very important. However, the study of production and its application of current TV program for children's education is not highly developed yet. The main purpose of this paper is that this study would contribute to development of TV production for Children's education and also would be basic material for education of both home and school. In order to study this idea, currently playing Children's TV program was selected and its was viewed to children. The results are studied and analyzed if feedback method using TV program had the same effect with the traditional instruction method in which instructors and children interact each other. In order words, this study studied how feedback system on TV learning and other factors, sex and age, affect the children's understanding on TV programs they saw. -Hypothesis- 1. When children watch children program, the feedback instructors give to children would affect understanding of program 2. When children watch children program, the effects of the given feedback would be different according to their ages. 3. When children watch children program, the effects of the given feedback would be different according to their sex. 4. When children watch children program among 4 different feedback types: feedback-question, question, attention, and control, the feedback-question type has positive effect on understanding. -Procedure- Three kindergartens located in Seoul, area were randomly chosen to perform the following experiment 133 children of the three kindergartens were subject to the experiment and they are 6 or 7 year old boys and girls. The material for this experiment is " Magic Land" of the MBC program "Popopo" produced on September 25, 1989. And questionnaires for measuring understanding of the program contains 12 questions. Preliminary experiment was performed subject to 8 children on September 19 and was done again on September 20, 22, and 25. This experiment was preformed not only on understanding of children experimentees(subjects) but also on their parents. The questionaries about TV watching situation were given out to the parents of the children experimentees(subject) and handed in after 8 days. The results were tested by test-retest method and this study had r=0.84 of reliability which is considered confident. Also these data from the experiment were taken by SPSS(Statistical Computer Package). The data were classified by feedback types and each types has mean and standard deviation. The understanding within feedback types were tested by one Way ANOVA. Error between groups was tested by Scheffe' test and the understanding according the age and sex was compared and analyzed by T-test. Feedback type and age, and feedback type and sex were tested by Two Way ANOVA. The results of questionary given to the parents were statistically carried out by its frequency and percentage. -Results- 1. Effects of Feedback type and age factor on understanding. Frist, Age difference was significant(F=4.44, P[.05), feedback type was significant (F=7.62, P[.01) and the interaction between above two was not significant.(F=2.25, P].05). Second, the different type of feedback significantly affects the understanding(F=7.49), P[.01). Third, the understanding was separated into categories; 1) understanding the main idea, 2) visual attention which shows the understanding of certain scene or certain dialogue. In results, the feedback factor significantly affects both an main idea(F=4.76, P[.01) and visual attention(F=7.11, P[.01) Forth, the age factor significantly affect.(T=1.89, P[.05) 2. Effects of Feedback type and age factor an understanding First, sex difference was not significant(F=0.98, P].05), feedback type was significant (F=0.98, P].01). In conclusion, the understanding of the program is affected mostly by feedback type. When feedback process in which parents and instructors interact with is supplied while TV learning children pay more attention on TV program and increase the ability of understanding. Second, the sex does not significantly affect the understanding.(T=1.55, P].05) In conclusion the understanding of the program is affected mostly by feedback type. When feedback process in which parents or instructors interact with children is supply while TV learning, children pay more attention on TV program and increase the ability of understanding.