유아기 신체발육발달의 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

幼兒의 健康의 維持·增進을 논하는 경우에는 身體가 연령에 따라 적절히 發育發達하고 있는가를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 本 硏究는 서울시내에 所在하는 유치원의 원아 357명을 對象으로 現在 幼兒들의 身體發育發達의 特性을 파악하고, 이와 더불어 幼兒의 身體發育發達에 影響을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는 生活習慣·環境條件과의 關聯性을 알아보기 위하여 시도되었다. 硏究의 結과는 다음과 같다. 1. 5歲 男兒의 身長은 112.93cm. 女兒의 身長은 110.96cm로, 男兒의 경우는 出生時 身長의 2.26배, 女兒의 경우는 2.22배 伸張된 것으로, 나타났다. 2. 5歲 男兒의 體重은 20.21kg, 女兒의 體重은 18.98kg으로, 남녀 각각 出生時 體重 3.38kg, 3.33kg의 5.98배, 5.70배 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 3. 體格 發育은 身長과 座高의 長育에서는 性差가 없었고, 體重, 胸圍의 幅·養育에서는 女兒에 비해 男兒가 우수하였다. 특히, 5세와 6세의 體重과 胸圍는 각각 106.48%, 102.92%, 108.53%, 103.40% 수준으로 男兒가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 運動能力 發達은 基礎運勳技能의 경우, 男兒의 發達이 女兒의 發達에 비하여 현저하였고, 平衡性, 柔軟性의 경우는 女兒의 發達이 우수하였으며, 敏捷性은 性差가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 5.5歲에 있어서 運動能力 發達의 女兒에 대한 男兒의 比率은 25m 달리기에서 104.91%, 제자리 멀리뛰기에서 121.09%, 테니스 볼 던지기에서 167.66%, 한발로 서기에서 79.43%, 앞으로 굽히기에서 56.30%, Side-Step에서 102.76%의 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 體格 및 運動能力은 女兒의 경우 연령이 증가함에 따라 均衡的인 發育發達 傾向을 보였으나, 男兒의 경우는 5세에 가장 均衡的으로 發育發達하고 있고, 5세이후 다시 각 영역간 能力의 차이는 커져가는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 發育發達 樣相은 남녀 모두 運動能力 領域에 비해 體格 領域의 發育이 급격한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 幼兒後期인 6세에, 男兒는 體格과 基礎運動技能이 均衡을 이루는 데 비해, 女兒는 體格과 平衡性, 柔軟性, 敏捷性에 均衡을 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 幼兒의 發育發達은 生活習慣·環境條件 중 一般的 特性, 營養狀態, 놀이상황, 睡眠 領域에서 높은 관련을 보였다. 특히, 一般的 特性은 體格과 運動能力 전반에 걸쳐 관련이 높은 경향을 나타냈고, 睡眠, 營養狀態는 體格과, 놀이상황은 基礎運動技能과 관련이 높은 것으로 나타났다. ; In discussing the maintenence and promotion of children's health, it is most important thing to understand whether their physical growth and development goes well with increasing their age. Therefore, The purposes of this study were to clarify the characteristics of physical growth and development of children arid to understand the relationship between living conditions and their physical growth and development. Three hundred fifty seven children were used in this study. They were children of kindergarten in Seoul, Korea. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Five-year-old children's standing heights were 112.93cm in boys and 110.90cm in girls, the former were 2.26 times as big as that at birth and the latter were 2.22 times. 2. Five-year-old children's body weights were 20.21kg in boys and 18.98kg in girls, the former were 5.98 times as heavy as 3.38kg at birth and the latter were 5.70 times as heavy as 3.33kg at birth. 3. There is no difference in the body linearity of standing height and sitting height. The boys were superior to the girls in the body bulk of body weight and chest girth. Specially, five, six-year-old boys were showed to have the heavier body weight and the bigger chest girth(106.48%, 102.92%, 108.53%, 103.40%) than the girls. 4. The boys were superior to the girls in fundamental motor skill, the latter is superior t o the former in balance and flexibility, and both were the same in agility. In 5.5-year-old children's motor ability, the ratio of boys to girls in percent were 104.91% in 25m dash, 121.09% in standing long jump, 167.66% in tennis ball throwing, 79.439% in foot balance, 56.30% in trunk flexion and 102.76% in side-step. 5. The girls were showed to have a balanced growth and development with increasing their age, but the boys were showed to have most balanced growth and development at five, and after that time, were showed to have increasing difference between respective domains. 6. In the pattern of growth and development, both boys and girls were showed to have more radical change in physique domain than motor ability domain. At six, boy's physique and fundamental motor skill were balanced but girl's physique, balance, flexibility and agility were balanced. 7. The growth and development of children were founded to have high relativity to general characteristics, nutritive conditions, play conditions and sleep domain but low relativity to the history of disease. Specially, general characteristics were founded to have high relativity to both physique and motor ability, sleep and nutritive conditions were founded to have high relativity to physique, and play conditions were founded to have high relativity to fundamental motor skill.