부부갈등 및 부부공동양육과 아동의 정서조절능력간의 관계

Abstract

본 연구의 주목적은 부부갈등, 부부공동양육 및 아동의 정서조절능력간의 관계를 살펴보고, 부부갈등과 아동의 정서조절능력간의 관계에서 부부공동양육의 매개적 역할을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 인천광역시에 위치한 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 204명의 남녀 아동과 그들의 어머니들을 대상으로 질문지법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 부부갈등은 Grych와 그의 동료(1992)들이 개발한 CPIC(The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 부부공동양육은 McHale(2000)의 척도를 번안한 김수진(2001)의 척도를 사용 측정하였으며, 정서조절능력은 Cicchetti와 Shiled(1997)가 개발한 ERC(Emotion Regulation Checklist)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구문제의 분석을 위해 변인들간의 적률상관계수를 산출하였으며, 단순회귀분석, 중다회귀분석 및 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 연구문제에 따른 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부부갈등은 여아의 경우에만 정서조절능력에 유의한 영향을 미쳐, 부부갈등이 높을수록 여아는 불안정/부정적 정서가 높았다. 둘째, 부모가 애정·통합 부부공동양육과 지지적 부부공동양육을 할수록 아동의 불안정/부정적 정서는 낮았으며, 지지적 부부공동양육이 높고 갈등적 부부공동양육이 낮을수록 아동의 정서통제는 높았다. 성별로 살펴보면, 남아는 부모가 애정·통합적, 지지적 부부공동양육을 할 때 불안정/부정적 정서가 낮았고, 지지적 부부공동양육이 높을 때 정서통제를 잘하였으며, 여아의 경우, 지지적 부부공동양육을 할 때 불안정/부정적 정서가 낮았고, 갈등적 부부공동양육을 할 때 정서통제에 어려움을 겪었다. 셋째, 부부갈등이 높을수록 애정·통합적 부부공동양육과 지지적인 부부공동양육을 덜 하였다. 성별로 살펴본 결과, 남아의 어머니는 부부갈등이 높을수록 애정·통합적, 지지적 부부공동양육을 덜 한다고 보고하였고, 여아의 어머니는 부부갈등이 높을수록 지지적 부부공동양육을 덜 한다고 보고하였다. 마지막으로, 부부갈등과 아동의 정서조절능력간의 관계에서 부부공동양육의 매개적 역할은 발견되지 않았다. 아동의 불안정/부정적 정서에는 지지적 부부공동양육과 애정·통합적 부부공동양육 순으로, 아동의 정서통제에는 지지적 부부공동양육과 갈등적 부부공동양육 순으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 성별로 살펴보면, 남아의 경우, 불안정/부정적 정서에는 지지적 부부공동양육과 애정·통합적 부부공동양육 순으로, 정서통제에는 지지적 부부공동양육만이 상대적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 여아의 경우, 불안정/부정적 정서에는 부부갈등만이, 정서통제에는 갈등적 부부공동양육만이 상대적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 아동의 정서조절능력에 대한 부부공동양육에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 나아가 부부갈등 및 부부공동양육과 같은 요인을 고려한 부모교육프로그램의 개발을 위해 유익한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.;The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among marital conflicts, coparenting and children's emotional regulation and the mediating role of coparenting between marital conflicts and children's emotional regulation. The subjects in this study were 204 boys and girls in their fifth and sixth grades and their mothers in an elementary school located in the city of Incheon. A questionnaire method was utilized to gather data. the marital conflicts of the parents were rated by mothers using Grych, et. al.(1992)'s CIPC(the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale), and their coparenting with their husbands was evaluated by Kim Soo-jin(2001)'s inventory that adapted McHale (2000)'s scale. Besides, Ciochetti and Shiled(1997)'s ERC(Emotional Regulation Checklist) was employed to assess their emotional regulation. To address the research questions, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated, and simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were carried out. The major findings on the research questions were as follows: First, marital conflicts had a significant impact on the emotional regulation of the girls only. The emotional instability/negativity was more prevalent among the girls whose parents suffered more conflicts. Second, more emotional instability/negativity was found in the children when warmth-integrity coparenting and supportive coparenting were more widespread among their parents, and more supportive and less conflict parenting led to better emotional control by the children. By gender, there was less emotional instability/negativity in the boys when the warmth/integrity coparenting and supportive coparenting were more prevalent among their parents, and they were better at emotional control when the coparenting style of the parents was more supportive. For girls, more supportive coparenting was followed by less emotional instability/negativity, and they faced more difficulties in emotional control when the conflict coparenting was more dominant among their parents. Third, the warmth/integrity coparenting and supportive coparenting were less prevalent among the parents who underwent more conflicts. By child gender, the mothers of the boys reported that severer marital conflicts was concurrent with less warmth/integrity coparenting and less supportive coparenting. And the mothers of the girls reported that their coparenting style was less supportive when there were more marital conflicts. Finally, coparenting didn't appear to play any mediating role between marital conflicts and the children's emotional regulation. Their emotional instability/negativity was under the most significant influence of the supportive coparenting, followed by the warmth/integrity one, and their emotional regulation was most significantly impacted by the supportive coparenting, followed by the conflict coparenting. By gender, the emotional instability/negativity of the boys was most significantly affected by the supportive and warmth/integrity coparenting, and only the supportive coparenting had a significant impact on emotional regulation. For girls, the emotional instability/negativity was affected just by marital conflicts, and only the conflict coparenting exerted a significant influence on emotional regulation. This study is expected to make a contribution to having a more extensive understanding of the relationship between children's emotional regulation and coparenting and to the development of parenting programs associated with relevant factors involving marital conflicts and coparenting.