부부갈등, 어머니의 양육행동 및 친구관계의 질과 학령기 아동의 또래괴롭힘

Abstract

본 연구는 부부갈등, 어머니의 양육행동 및 친구관계의 질과 또래괴롭힘 간의 관계를 비롯하여, 또래괴롭힘 집단에 따른 부부갈등, 어머니의 양육행동 및 친구관계의 질의 차이를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해, 서울시에 위치한 초등학교 3학년에 재학 중인 227명의 남녀 아동과 그들의 어머니를 대상으로 질문지법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 또래괴롭힘 가해행동 척도는 Crick과 Werner(1998)의 척도를, 또래괴롭힘 피해행동 척도는 Crick과 Bigbee(1998)의 Social Experience Questionnaire-Peer Report(SEQ-P)를, 부부갈등 척도는 Grych와 동료들(1992)이 제작한 The Children`s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale(CPIC)를 번안하여 사용하였다. 어머니 양육행동은 온정·수용, 거부·제재, 허용·방임 요인은 박영애(1995)의 척도를, 과보호 요인은 도현심(1994)의 척도를 사용하였다. 친구관계의 질 척도는 이은해와 고윤주(1999)의 ‘친구관계의 질 척도(Friendship Quality Scale: FQS)를 사용하였다. 연구문제의 분석을 위해 변인들 간의 적률상관계수를 산출하였으며, 중다회귀분석, 일원변량분석 및 Duncan의 사후검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 연구문제에 따른 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부부갈등이 높을수록 또래괴롭힘 가해행동이 높게 나타났으나, 부부갈등과 또래괴롭힘 피해행동 간에는 유의한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 둘째, 어머니 가 거부·제재 및 허용·방임적 양육행동을 많이 보일수록 또래괴롭힘 가해행동이 높게 나타났고, 거부·제재, 허용·방임 및 과보호적 양육행동을 많이 보일수록 또래괴롭힘 피해행동이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 친구관계 질의 긍정적 기능과 부정적 기능이 높을수록 또래괴롭힘 가해행동이 높게 나타났으나, 친구관계 질의 긍정적 기능 및 부정적 기능과 또래괴롭힘 피해행동간에는 유의한 관계가 없었다. 넷째, 또래괴롭힘 가해행동에는 허용·방임이, 또래괴롭힘 피해행동에는 거부·제재 및 허용·방임적 양육행동이 상대적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로, 또래괴롭힘 집단에 따른 부부갈등, 어머니의 양육행동, 그리고 친구관계의 질의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 부부갈등은 가해/피해아가 일반아에 비해 높았고, 어머니의 온정· 수용적 양육행동은 가해/피해아가 가해아에 비해 높게, 거부· 제재적 양육행동은 가해아와 피해아가 일반아에 비해 높게 나타났다. 어머니의 허용· 방임적 양육행동은 피해아가 일반아보다 과보호적 양육행동은 가해/피해아가 가해아보다, 가해/피해아가 일반아보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 또래괴롭힘 집단에 따른 친구관계의 질의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 긍정적 기능은 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았으며 부정적 기능은 가해아와 가해/피해아가 피해아에 비해 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 부부갈등, 어머니의 양육행동 및 친구관계의 질과 또래괴롭힘 간의 관계를 알아봄으로써 아동의 또래괴롭힘과 관련되는 위험요인들을 확인하였다. 또한, 또래괴롭힘 집단에 따른 부부갈등, 어머니 양육행동, 그리고 친구관계의 질의 차이를 통해, 어머니의 허용·방임적 양육행동의 위험성을 강조함과 동시에 가해/피해아의 특성을 밝힘으로써 그 학문적, 실용적 의의를 지닌다.;This study has its purposes that can be largely divided into two. One of them is to examine the correlation between marital conflict, maternal childrearing behavior, friendship quality, and peer abuse, and the other is to look into how the marital conflict, maternal childrearing behavior, and friendship quality differ by the group type of peer abuse. For figuring them out, the data were collected using the questionnaire method performed to the object of 227 male and female children who are third grade students in the elementary schools located in Seoul and their mothers. The Crick and Werner’s scale(1998) was translated and used as a bully scale of peer abuse, and the Crick and Bigbee’s Social Experience Questionnaire-Peer Report(SEQ-P)(1998) was translated and used as a victim scale of peer abuse. The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, CPIC(1992) was translated to be used as a marital conflict scale, which was produced by Grych and his coworkers. The Bak, Yeong-ae’s childrearing behavior scale(1995) including the factors of maternal warmth, maternal rejection/punishment, and maternal permissiveness/nonintervention was used as a childrearing behavior scale, and the Do, Hyeun-sim’s overprotection scale of which object was sixth grade children’s mothers was used as an overprotection scale. And Lee, Eun-hae and Go, Yun-ju’s Friendship Quality Scale, FQS(1999) was used as a friendship quality scale, which was developed to be applied to Korean elementary school children. The correlation coefficient was calculated to analyze the study questions, and partial correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s post-hoc analysis were performed. Summarizing the chief results by study questions are as follows: First, marital conflict showed a positively meaningful correlation with the bullying behavior of peer abuse but did now show a meaningful correlation with the victim behavior of it. Second, in the rejection/punishment and permissiveness/ nonintervention, maternal childrearing behavior showed a meaningful correlation with the bullying behavior of peer abuse, and in terms of the victim behavior of peer abuse, it showed a meaningful correlation with the rejection/punishment, permissiveness/nonintervention, and overprotection. Third, in the correlation between friendship quality and peer abuse, the bullying behavior showed a meaningful correlation with positive and negative functions while the victim behavior did not. Fourth, the most influential variable that explains the bullying behavior of peer abuse among all the variables was the permissiveness/nonintervention, and the most influential variable that explains the victim behavior of peer abuse was the rejection/punishment and permissiveness/nonintervention. Finally, according to the result of examining how the marital conflict, maternal childrearing behavior, and friendship quality differ by types of peer abuse, the marital conflict was more in the bully-victim group than in the general group, and according to the result of looking into the maternal childrearing behavior, the maternal warmth was higher in the bully group than in the bully-victim group, and the rejection/punishment was more in the bully and victim groups than in the general group. The permissiveness/nonintervention was higher in the victim group than in the general group, and the overprotective childrearing behavior was shown higher in the bully-victim group than in the bully group and was higher in the bully-victim group than in the general group. Moreover, according to the result of examining how friendship quality differs by groups of peer abuse, positive function did not show a meaningful result while negative function was higher in the bully group and the bully-victim group than in the victim group. This study has found out the dangerous factors of children’s peer abuse by examining the correlation between marital conflict, maternal childrearing behavior, friendship quality, and peer abuse. In addition, looking into the peer abuse’s comparative influence on bully and victim behaviors and examining how marital conflict, maternal childrearing behavior, and friendship quality differ by types of peer abuse, this study emphasized the danger of maternal permissive/nonintervenient childrearing behavior as well as understood the bully-victim group through group study that it has a not only academic but also practical meaning.