M. P. Mussorgsky의「전람회의 그림」에 관한 연구

Abstract

무소르그스키(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, 1839-1881)는 러시아 5인조의 핵심적인 인물로 러시아 민족음악 발전에 지대한 공헌을 하였으며 이와 더불어 음악에 사실주의를 도입한 독창적인 창조 정신을 지닌 작곡가이다. 그는 예술이 인간 생활의 하나의 표현이며 예술가들이 이러한 생활을 표현하는데 무엇보다도 성실해야 된다고 믿었다. 그래서 그는 일상적인 말과 대화의 억양 뿐만 아니라 사람의 몸짓과 표정까지도 음악에 반영하여 이를 사실적으로 표현하고자 하였으며, 그의 대표적인 피아노 작품「전람회의 그림」(Pictures from an Exhibition, 1874) 에서는 회화의 인상을 음악으로 생생하게 나타내고자 하였다. 이처럼 무소르그스키의 작곡기법에 있어 사실주의는 민족주의와 더불어 그의 음악에서 가장 특징적인 요소임에도 불구하고 그 동안 이에 관한 연구가 미흡한 점이 있어 본 논문에서는 러시아 5인조가 추구했던 19세기 당시의 민족주의 음악 뿐만 아니라 그의 음악과 밀접한 연관을 맺고 있는 미술과 문학에서 나타난 사실주의에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 이를 통해「전람회의 그림」에 나타난 사실주의적 기법과 러시아 민족음악적 요소를 연구하여 무소르그스키만의 독자적인 특성을 밝히고자 한다. ;Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky(1839~1881), one of the greatest composers of the mid 19th century, was vigorously active as a Nationalism composer in Russia, and he wrote "Pictures at an Exhibition". Even though he got poor music education from school compared to other Russian composers in his period, his music did not evolve around one style, but he tried to develop, create his own style and break old traditional ways of writing music in Russia. The realism that he advocated was to express the things as they are as simple as possible, which was prevailing in the concurrent paintings and literature. Within this framework, this thesis investigated in-depth Mussorgsky's 1874 work "Pictures at an Exhibition" to find the realistic musical techniques that he explored in an attempt to express his impression of paintings in a lively fashion. This work is closely related to the realism in paintings and literature given the similar features such as the authentic description of people and scenes, simple repetition and emphasis of main motives as well as the broad range of representation of people's lives in his period. This music is composed using Russian folk melody, medieval church mode, chromatic melody, Pentatonic Scale. With regard to the tonality and harmony, this work emphasized the extemporary and realistic expression according to various atmosphere appropriate to each title than functional harmony progress based on traditional harmony rules. Also with respect to the rhythm, this music was expressed by applying irregular time to ballad rhythm, which makes the work unique and representative of the period. Besides, it used a variety of rhythm inspired by the realistic expressions. Based on the above results, it is concluded that, in the "Pictures at an Exhibition," both romanticism and realism were under the great influence in both direct and indirect manner, which is quite an impact on today.