淪落女性의 要因分析과 善導프로그램에 關한 硏究

Abstract

This thesis is a research on prostitutes. particularly an analysis of the reasons for prostitution and the rehabilitation program. The aim of this research is to offer a way of rehabilitation for the prostitutes rejected from the shelter of society life. The method of research has been to investigate documents and to analvse records of case studies. The material of the case studies is found among the Records of the Institute for Rehabilitation of Prostitutes(은혜원). A total number of 105 cases recorded from January 1970 through the end of 1973, has been examined. The statistics of the Municipal Woman's Consultation Office have been compared and consulted. The concept of "poostitution" used in this thesis is based upon the second paragraph of the law for prevention of prostitution. According to this definition prostitution is the commission of sexual acts by non specified persons with the aim of profit, whether profit through delivery or through promise of money or other gain of property or advantages. Concerning the history of prostitutes, the author of this research being a Christian has examined especially prostitutes as appearing in the Bible, and also in Korean history. The characteristies of the prostitutes to be investigated have been divided as follows : age, birth-place, level of education, family, parents, number of brothers and sisters, position among sibIings motive of prostitution, reason of leaving the family, intermediary for starting prostitution. 1. Age : majority of 16-21 years (70 %) 2. Birth-place : majority from the Honam region (33.4%) 3. Level of education : 71.4% primary school and less 4. Family : both parents 39% 5. Number of brothers and sisters : more than 5 siblings 48.5% 6. Position among siblings : majority second child(31.4%), third child or lower position 29.6%, First child 25.7%. 7. Reason for leaving the family : dispute 28.1% poverty 19.1%. 8. Reason for prostitution : financial reason 41.0%, curiosity 23.8%. 9. Intermediary at the time of starting prostitution : pimp 26.6%, private employment agency 24.7% The analysis of the elements leading to prostitution shows the following points : 1. the family element, 2. the personality element, 3. the cultural environment element, 4. the social status element : 1. The family element. From the point of view of family structure there is remarkable not only the absence of one or of both parents(61%), but also the absence of somebody to assume the role of the parents or bad relations of the parents among themselves, of the parents with the client, and of the brothers and sisters. 2. The personality element. Because of deficiencies of emotional experiences in the eerly childhood there are weaknesses of character. 3. The cultural environment element. The cultural background is the rural village. There are troubles stemming from the cultural lag and from the rapid cultural changes. 4. The social status element. Because of a low status in society, the girls have little political, social and economic power. In this thesis the rehabilitation program being executed now at the 은혜원 has been described. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this program. a survey has been made based upon the case records which show the reactions and the degree of influence of this program on tie lives of the prostitutes. Concerning the situation after leaving the Rehabilitation Center, a summary note of the social worker and letters sent to the Center have been consulted. The efficiency of the program and its problems have been pointed out as follows : 1. It appears that tbrough the Cottage Program a family atmosphere and friendly relations between members have not really been accomplished. 2. 80% think that religious education has helped them in proportion to the changes brought into their life, but concerning the method of education, there are problems. and 57.2% did not respond to it. 3. Through personal councelling sessions with the social worker, the girls can find their identity, and 80% found a solution for their problems. But 46.6% of the prostitutes said they disliked councelling and refused it. 4. 58.9% liked group work and recreation, but only, 53.2% of them thought that it helped them for their real life. On this point, the program needs development. 5. The general formation program was much appreciated and helpful(81.8%) 6. Only 28.6% liked the special work training, the rest followed against their personal wishes. The reason is that some of them do not like to work. The girls were also psychologically opposed to working without remuneration. 7. 50 persons received medical care, among them 22 in the gynecological department. 8. 61 persons received technical training, among them 28 beautician training, but after leaving the Rehabilitation Institute only 31 worked in the field in which they got the training. 9. Among 105 persons, 37.2% returned to their home, and 30.5% took up professional work. 10. After leaying the Institute, 68 persons kept contact with the Institute, among them only 44(64.7%) gave their address; This thesis finally proposes measures to solve the prostitution problem, presenting separately a study of prevention measures and of rehabilitation measures. Prevention Measures : 1. Prolongation and enforcement of compulsory education and adult education. 2. Strict control of private employment agencies and pimps. 3. Enlightenment of the public through mass media about the problems connected with prostitution. 4. Sincere realization of a policy which favors agricultural development. 5. A system of social security and legal protection of female workers. 6. Every member of our society must get unprejudiced information about prostitutes in order to participate at their reh abilitation. 7. Housekeepers must be respected as persons, they must get a decent salry, their work must not be too heavy, and they must get a day off every week. 8. Expansion and goodsuse of establishments which provide sound recreation for men. Rehabilitation Measures : 1. Extension of Rehabilitation Centers and employ of specialists. 2. Expansion of technical information offices and amplification of opportunities for employment. 3. Enlightenment of the public about the necessity of a program of rehabilitation through the mass media. 4. Take steps to make people consider prostitutes as persons with problems and not as sinners. 5. People should be induced to feel responsible for the rerabilitation of prostitutes and to be ready to receive them. 6. Religious people should be the first to take the initiative of rehabilitation work. 7. Social workers should be truly devoted to public welfare. 8. Continued research and development of the rehabilitation program is needed. This is an outline of the thesis on the problems of prostitutes and their rehabilitation. The thesis wants to give a contribution to a better understanding of prostitutes, to give some help and some material for reference concerning rehabilitation.;이 論文은 윤락女性들의 要因分析과 그들의 善導프로그램에 관한 硏究이다. 本 硏究의 目的은 社會의 陰地에서 버림받고, 소외당한 윤락女性들에게 善導의 길을 열어주기 위한 것이다. 硏究의 方法은 文獻調査와 Case Study의 Record를 分析 調査하였다. Case Study의 資料는 윤락女性 善導事業機關인 은혜원의 Record중 1970年 1月~1973年末 까지의 Case 全數(105 Case)를 調査하였고 市立婦女相談所의 統計를 比較 參照하였다. 윤락의 槪念은 윤락行爲 等 防止法 第二條에 의거하여 "不特定 人으로 부터 金錢 其他 財産上의 利益을 收受 또는 約束하거나 其他 營利의 目的으로 性行爲를 하는 것"이라 規定하였다. 윤락女性의 歷史的 考察은 本 硏究人이 Christian으로서 성서상에 나타난 윤락여성에 대해 특별히 살펴 보았고 韓國史에 나타난 윤락女性을 考察하였다. 윤락女性에 對한 特性은 年齡, 出身地域, 敎育水準, 家族關係(父母關係, 兄弟數, 兄弟順位), 윤락動機(家出理由, 윤락媒介體) 등으로 나누었다. ① 年齡은 16才~21才 까지가 가장 많다.(70%) ② 出身地域은 호남지역이 가장 많다.(33.4%) ③ 敎育水準은 71.4%가 國民學校卒業 이하이다. ④ 家族의 構造的 形態는 兩親生存이 39%이다. ⑤ 兄弟數는 5男妹 이상이 48.5%이다. ⑥ 兄弟順位는 둘째가 가장 많고(31.4%), 셋째 이하가 29.6%, 첫째는 25.7%이다. ⑦ 家出理由는 28.1%가 家庭不和이고 19.1%가 貧困이다. ⑧ 윤락의 理由는 經濟的, 理由가 41.0%이고 호기심이 23.8%이다. ⑨ 이들의 淪落時 媒介體는 포주및 Pimp가 26.6%이고, 私設 職業紹介所가 24.7%이다. 윤락女性의 要因分析은 4가지로 나누어 ① 家庭的인 要因 ② Personality要因 ③ 文化環境的 要因 ④ 社會階層的 要因으로 區分하였다. 家庭的인 要因은 構造的인 面에서 결손家族일뿐 아니라(61%), 상실된 父모의 役割을 대신해 주지 못했으며, 父母間의 關係가 좋지 않았고 父母와 Client 사이, 兄弟間의 사이도 좋지 않않다. Personality要因은 주로 兒童初期에 情緖的인 經驗이 부정적이었을때 나타나는 性格特徵을 가지고 있다. 文化環境的인 要因은 이들 文化의 배경이 農村文化며 文化의 遲帶(Cultural Lag)와 文化의 變動속에서 갈등을 가지고 자라왔다. 社會階層的인 要因으로는 그들이 下層階級이며 政治的權力이나, 社會的權威, 經濟的인 面으로도 地位가 낮다. 善導 프로그램의 內容은 現在 은혜원에서 實施하고 있는것을 提示했으며 프로그램의 效率性은 Case Record 上에 나타난 內容을 中心으로 이들의 Program에 대한 態度와 一常生活에 도움을 받는 정도에 입각해서 測定하였다. 퇴사후의 狀態는 社會事業家의 Summary Note와 機關에 보내는 편지를 參考로 하였다. Program에 대한 效率性과 문제점은 다음과 같이 지적하였다. ① Cottage Program을 통해 形態上으로는 家庭的인 분위기이나 構成 Member 間에 우의적인 關係는 잘 이루어지지 않고 있다. ② 宗敎敎育을 통해서 80%가 自己生活예 變化를 가져올만큼 도움을 받고 있으나 敎育의 方法上 問題가 있어 57.2%의 呼應을 받지 못하고 있다. ③ 個別相談을 통해서 Worker와 Identity를 할 수 있으며 問題의 解決을 위해 도움을 받는 者가 많으나(80%), 44.6%가 相談을 꺼리거나 싫어하고 있다. ④ Group Work나 娛樂(Recreation)을 좋아하는 數(58.9%)에 비해 53.2%만이 實生活에 도움을 받고 있으므로 프로그램의 開發이 必要하다. ⑤ 生活敎養 敎育은 이들이 가장 많은 도움을 받게 되는 프로그램이다.(84.8%) ⑥ 特別作業訓練에 대해서는 28.6%만이 좋아하고 나머지 사람은 싫어하거나 할 수 없이 한다. 理由는 일을 좋아하지 않는 면도 있으나 勞動力의 無料提供에 대한 心理的抵抗 때문이다. ⑦ 醫僚奉杜(Medical Service)를 받은 사람은 50명이며 婦人科가 22명으로 가장 많다. ⑧ 技術敎育은 61명이 받았으며 그중 28명이 美容技術을 배웠고 퇴사후에는 31명만이 자기가 배운 技術分野에 從事한다. ⑨ 105명중 歸家한 사람이 37.2%, 就職한 경우가 30.5%이다. ⑩ 機關을 떠난 후 68명이 連絡을 취하고 있으며 그들중 44명(64.7%)만이 住所를 알리고 있다. 끝으로 윤락女性의 問題解決을 위한 對策樹立 提案하면서 豫防策과 善導策으로 區分 硏究해 보았다. -豫防策- ① 義務敎育의 延長實施와 成人敎育 ② 私設職業紹介所와 포주, Pimp의 嚴重 단속 ③ 윤락에 따르는 問題點에 對해서 메스콤을 통한 社會啓蒙 ④ 重農政策의 誠意있는 實施 ⑤ 社會保障制度와 勤勞女性의 法的保護 ⑥ 社會一般人들이 윤락女性에 대한 責任感과 偏見없는 認識으로 善導에 直接 參與할 것. ⑦ 家庭婦에 대한 人格導重과 正當한 賃金, 適當한 業務를 부과하고 一週一日을 쉬는 날로 할것. ⑧ 男性들의 健全한 여가 善用을 위한 社會施設의 擴張과 活用 -善導策- ① 善導施設의 擴大와 專門家의 등용 ② 技術輔導事業의 擴張과 就業機會의 擴充 ③ 메스콤을 통한 善導 프로그램의 必要性啓蒙 ④ 윤락女性은 罪人이기보다 問題가 있는 者로 處遇하여 對策을 樹立할 것. ⑤ 社會人들은 윤락女性 善導에 對한 責任感을 가지고 이들을 受容할 것. ⑥ 宗敎人들은 이들 善導에 솔선수범할 것. ⑦ 社會事業家들은 헌신적인 奉仕로 이들의 福祉를 위해 從事할것. ⑧ 善導 Program에 관한 계속적인 硏究와 開發 等이다. 이상의 것이 本 論文의 槪要이며, 이 論文의 硏究가 윤락女性을 理解하고, 善導해 나가는데 있어, 조금이나마 보탬이 되고 參考가 되는 資料가 되어지길 바란다.