未婚母 問題解決을 위한 社會事業的 方案 硏究

Abstract

The problems with which an individual, a group or a community are confronted, are of great concern and one of the main spheres of interest to social workers. Unmarried mothers are faced with serious problems which cannot be solved by themselves and create complex problems for their families and society. The social problems of unmarried mothers are one of today's major concerns. It belongs to the discipline of social work, and should be handled not only as a problem of an unmarried mother herself but as that of the family or society. There should be basic preventive measures and follow-up services to solve the problem. From this point of view, it is thought meaningful to apply the social work approach toward the solution of the problems of unmarried mothers. The problem of this thesis was to explore the problems and following services related to unmarried mothers : What are the problems of the unmarried mothers and what are the main reasons causing a woman to become a unmarried mother? How is the current status of social work services for the unmarried mother? What would be more positive solutions toward the solution of her problems? Recently, the services of three different social agencies were combined to initiate a group counselling program for unmarried mothers. Although the program was limited in its development, it provided a social work process worthy for study. The process was considered as a base for the development of social work services for unmarried mothers in Korea. Therefore, the program was analyzed on the basis of general systems theory which forms the main trend in theory formulation of many current sciences. The subjects of this study were limited to unmarried pregnant women in their teens or twenties. The study method included a review of the literature, statistics from various social work agencies and government departments, interviews with social workers and government officers and practice experience. Recommendations were based on the problem solving theory and the integrated theory approach. It was recommended that the government should provide support on the policy level, that social work agencies analyze present services toward a more effective solution of the problems of unmarried mothers. It was further recommended that comprehensive services encompass a service network integrating individual counselling, group counselling and maternity home services as well as medical, legal, educational, economic and vocational training. A response to the total needs and problems of the unmarried mother is considered the basis of the prevention and solution of her problems. Professionals such as social workers, doctors, nurses, educators, ministers and lawyers should work together as a team; the social worker should play an important role to promote, integrate and coordinate the activities of these professionals.;一 個人이나 集團, 地域社會가 當面하고 있는 問題는 社會事業의 큰 關心事이고 社會事業이 다루어야 할 主 領域의 하나이다. 未婚母는 未婚母가 됨으로 말미암아 自身이 스스로 해결할 수 없는 심각한 問題에 直面해 있음은 勿論, 그 家族 및 社會에 여러 問題를 惹起시키고 있다. 오늘날 社會問題의 하나로 대두된 未婚母는 分明히 社會事業의 對象에 속하고, 未婚母의 問題는, 그녀 一 個人의 水準에서 家庭 및 社會的 問題의 次元으로, 또는 事後處置 및 治療에서 事前 豫防에 이르기까지, 根本的인 問題解決의 자세에서 다루어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 觀點에서 未婚母 問題 解決을 위한 社會事業的 方案을 硏究해 보는것은 意義 있다고 思料되어, 未婚母의 問題와 그 要因들이 무엇이고, 現在 그 問題에 관련된 社會事業的 써비스의 現況은 어떠하며, 現 水準에서 더 나아가 未婚母 問題 解決에 보다 寄與할 수 있는 方案은 어떠한 것이 되겠는가를 摸索하고자 하였다. 또한 最近에 專門的 社會事業 方法으로 試圖된 集團相談 프로그램은 滿足스러운 狀態는 못되지만, 세 기관이 팀을 構成하여 未婚母 問題解決에 接近한 過程을 볼때, 本 硏究에서 意圖하려는 바를 어느 정도 充足시켜 줄 수 있는 社會事業行動 過程이었다고 생각한다. 또 그러한 試圖는 우리나라의 未婚母를 위한 社會事業的 努力이 發展할 수 있는 기틀이 될 수 있다고 思料되었으므로, 最近 여러 學問의 理論 定立의 主傾向을 이루고 있는 一般體系論에 입각하여 分析·紹介하였다. 本 硏究에서 對象으로 삼은 未婚母는 十代 내지 二十代의 未婚女가 姙娠한 경우에만 對象으로 하였으며, 硏究 方法으로는 關係文獻 硏究와 實習 資料 利用 및 現況 把握을 위해 담당 行政部署와 社會事業 機關의 통계자료 利用 및 담당 責任者와의 面接과 觀察을 봉하여 硏究하였다. 結論으로 提案한 方案은 問題解決 理論과 統合的 方法論을 理論的 바탕으로 하였으며, 未婚母 問題 解決을 위해 國家가 政策的인 面에서 마땅히 支援해야 할 方向과 是正되어야 할 部分을 提示하였고, 私設 社會事業 機關들의 事業은 未婚母 問題에 관련된 事業 現況 分析을 기초로 하여 事業分野마다 具體的인 提案을 하였으며, 最終으로 本 硏究者가 바람직 하다고 生覺하는 包括的 問題解決 方案을 提案하였다. 包括的인 써비스 方案은 未婚母의 問題 解決을 위해, 個別相談과 集團相談, 集團保護가 倂行하여 이루어지며, 同時에 醫療的, 法的, 敎育的, 經濟的, 職業訓鍊의 써비스가 이루어 질 수 있는 써비스綱을 意味한다. 未婚母들의 총제적인 要求와 問題에 反應하는 것 만이 未婚母의 豫防과 根本的인 問題解決에 기여할 수 있다고 보기 때문이다. 그러므로, 社會事業家와 의사, 교육자, 목사, 법률가등의 여러 專門職이 介入되어야 하며, 社會事業家는 專門職間의 活動을 助長하고 統合하며 調整하는 역할을 하여야 할 것이다.