家出靑少年의 非行經路에 관한 硏究

Abstract

本 硏究는 날로 深化하고 있는 靑少年非行問題防止에 寄與하는데 意義와 目的이 있다. 따라서 本硏究는 靑少年非行과 密接한 關聯이 있다고 간주되는 靑少年家出問題 卽 家出靑少年의 經濟的, 社會的 環境과 家出後 非行에 이르기까지의 生活經路를 더듬어 봄으로써 非行防止에 適切한 社會介入可能性이 있다면 어떠한 것인지 모색하기 위해 推進되었다. 本 硏究의 調査對象은 A少年院과 B少年院에 受容中인 少年犯罪者로서 (1) 父母의 許絡jqt이 무단家出하였고 (2) 家出前에는 非行經歷이 없으며 (3) 知能과 精神이 正常인 12才以上 20才未滿의 家出靑少年 20名이며, 이들을 對象으로 사례硏究를 하였다. 調査結果 나타난 家出前의 社會的·經濟的 環境과 家出以後 非行하기까지의 經路는 다음과 같다. A. 家出靑少年의 家出前 經濟的·社會的環境은 다음과 같다. 出身地는 大都市가 10名, 中小都市가 4名, 農村이 6名이었고 學歷은 15名이 國卒以下였다. 또한 9名이 父母가 生存해 있었고 7名은 편친만 있는 境遇였으며 3名은 계모 슬하에서 자라고 있었다. 부모의 訓育態度는 父親은 過嚴(8名)하거나 방임(4名)하였고 母親은 確固하고 親切한 境遇가 5名, 放任이 8名, 일관성없음이 4名의 順序로 나타났다. 生活水準은 上이 3名, 中이 8名, 下가 9名으로 中産層의 家出이 增加하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 父母와의 關係는 2名만이 滿足하고 있었고 나머지는 不滿足하거나 그저그렇다고 하였다. B. 家出後 非行에 이르는 經路는 家出當時 狀況과 家出後 非行까지의 經驗, 初犯行과 關聯된 狀況, 非行生活과 關聯된 狀況으로 區分하여 考察하였다. 1. 家出當時狀況 家出靑少年들의 18名이 家庭의 貧困, 不和等 家庭的인 問題로 家出하는 것으로 나타났고 家出當時 年齡은 13才以下가 3名, 14才~17才에 15名이 集中되고 있었다. 家出當時 職業은 無職이 10名, 學生이 6名, 양장점 점원 2名, 工員이 2名이었다. 2. 家出後 非行까지의 生活經驗 家出靑少年은 家出하여 처음에 主로 동네나 住宅街(5名), 驛周邊(7名)에서 不良少年, 少女(7名), 街頭職業少年(3名), 不法職業紹介人(2名)을 만나 行動을 같이 하였다. 家出初期行動은 不良集團관 遊興街와 非行地(5名)를 배회하거나 번화가를 배회(4名)하였고 食堂이나 遊興業所, 一般家庭(家政婦)에서 勤務하기도 하였다. 宿泊場所는 윤락가 주변의 旅人宿(7名)이나 公園이나 빈집(4名), 食堂(4名), 旅館(2名)등이었다. 餘暇時間 利用은 主로 劇場(30.9%)과 만화방(28.5%)에서 하였고 公園, 娛樂場, 고고클럽을 利用하기도 하였다. 또한 20名中 2名만이 警察이나 其他 公共機關의 家出團束을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 初犯行과 關聯된 狀況 家出靑少年들은 家出後 6個月內에 20名中이 犯行한 것으로 나타났다. 犯行動機는 生活費 調達(5名)과 불량배의 권유(6名), 親舊의 권유(5名), 衝動心(3名), 非人格的待遇(1名)였다. 따라서 불량배와 親舊의 권유로 共同으로 犯行한 境遇는 警察에 團束되지 않고 非行生活을 繼續하였다. 犯行場所는 職場(6名), 市內bus안(5名), 百貨店, 市場(4名), 住宅街(2名), 역주변(2名)이었는데 주로 절도행위를 하였다. 4. 非行生活과 關聯된 狀況 非行生活과 關聯된 狀況은 初犯行當時에 團束되지 않았던 11名을 對象으로 調査하였다. 이들은 宿泊場所는 11名中 8名이 旅人宿(하숙집)이었고, 職業은 女子는 모두 無職, 男子들은 假頭職業(5名)에 從事한 것으로 나타났다. 特히 8名은 犯罪集團에 所屬되어 있었고, 첫犯行當時와 마찬가지로 역주면, 百貨店, 市場, 住宅街, 시내버스에서 犯行하였다. 犯行回數는 約 10回가 4名이었고, 10回以上이 6名이나 되어 本 調査對象 20名中 10名이 少年犯罪者로 전락했음이 나타났다. C. 社會介入 方案(방안) 1. 家出前의 介入 가. 家庭을 通한 介入 나. 학교를 通한 介入 다. 職場을 通한 介入 라. 地域社會를 通한 介入 마. 集團生活을 通한 介入 바. 매스콤을 通한 介入 2. 家出直後의 介入 가. 少年警察의 專門的인 相談 및 團束强化 나. 其他 公共機關의 專門的인 서비스의 提供 및 團束强化 다. 未成年者 保護法이나 윤락행위 防止法을 위반하는 者나 業所에 對한 處罰强化 라. 私設 社會福祉機關의 家出靑少年에 對한 專門的인 서비스의 提供 마. 一般企業人과 社會人의 관심 3. 少年院의 入所後의 介入 가. 人格的인 待遇 나. 效率的인 職業報導 다. 專門的인 相當, 治療 또한 退所後에도 이들에 對한 保護觀察 및 一般社會人의 따뜻한 配慮가 이루어져야 할 것이다.;The significance and purpose of this study is to contribute to the prevention of juvenile delinquency which gets serious day by day. Therefore, this study has been carried out to examine the possibility of social intervention proper for delinquency prevention, and then to find out its way by tracing the life course of runaway adolescents, from socio-economic environments to their delinquency, which is considered to be closely related with juvenile delinquency. The objects of this study were 20 juvenile delinquents in the custody of two reformatories A and B, and they 1) ran away from their homes without previous notice to their parents, 2) had no delinquency experience before the run away, and 3) were ranged from 12 to 20 years and equipped with normal intelligence and psyche. The Case study for each of them has been done. The result of investigation represents social and economic surroundings before the runaway and the subsequent course to delinquency as follows. A. Social and Economic Surroundings Before Runaway. Ten of them came from metropolitan areas, four from medium and small cities, and six from rural areas, and 15 owned only below elementary school career. Nine of them had both of their parents, seven had only one parent for each, and three were brought up by step-mothers. Concerning parents' disciplinary attitudes, eight fathers were extremely stubborn, four indifferent, five mothers were firm and kind, eight indifferent, and four incoherent. A s for levels of living, three belonged to high class, eight to middle one and nine to low one. This shows the tendency of increasing runaway of middle class adolescents. Only two were satisfied with their relationship with their parents and the rest felt dissatisfied or just endurable. B. The Course Leading to Delinquency after Runaway has been investigated under the classification of circumstances at the time of runaway, life experience till delinquency after runaway, situation related with delinquency and delinquent lives. 1. Circumstances at the time of Runaway. Family problems like poverty and discord caused 18 adolescents to run away from homes. Three of them were at the age of below 13 and fifteen centered round 14 to 17 years at the time of runaway. 10 adolescents were without regular occupations, six students, two dress shop clerks, and two factory workers. 2. Life Experience Till Delinquency after Runaway. At the beginning of runaway seven met and behaved together with immoral boys and girls, three with boys working on street corners and two with or illegae uncertified job guides mainly in their villages or residential quarters (5) or around railway stations. Their behaviour at the beginning of runaway included wandering around the pleasure resorts and criminal sections or busy streets with immoral peergroups. Some of them worked at restaurants, pleasure places, and normal houses as house maids. Their loding place were inns around houses of fallen women (7), parks or empty houses (4), cheap restaurants (4), and cheap hotels (2). They spent spare time mainly at movie houses (30.9%), comic book stores (28.5%), and sometimes at was also shown only two among 20 runaway adolescents were checked as runaways by policemen or other public agencies. 3. Situations Related with the First Delinquency 13 among 20 runaway adolescents were shown to offend within six months after runaway. The motives of delinquency were roused to make living expenses (5), to be cajoled by immoral people (6) and friends (5), to show cooperative spirit, and to return dehumanizing treatment (1). Therefore, in the case of joint delinquency encouraged by immoral people and friends, they continued to lead delinquent lives without police regulation. Places of the delinquency were in working places (6), department stores or markets (4), on streetbuses (5), in residential quarters (2), and around railway stations (2) and the delinquency mainly consists of stealing. 4. Situations Rleated with Delinquent Lives. The objects of the research regarding this item were 11 adolescents who weren't controlled at the time of the first offence. The lodging places of eight of them were inns and girls were all jobless while boys (5) were engaged in working on street corners. Especially, eight were members of criminal groups and they offended around stations, in department stores, markets, residential sections, on street buses as were the cases of the first offence. In the light of the frequency of their delinquency, which showed that four reached about 10 times and six more than ten times, 10 among the 20 objects of this research were seen to become juvenile delinquents. C. Devices for Social Intervention. 1. Intervention before Runaway a. Intervention through homes, b. Intervention through schools, c. Intervention through working places, d. Intervention through community, e. Intervention through group work, and f. Intervention through group mass media. 2. Intervention Shortly after Runaway a. Enforcement of professional counselling and supervision by the juvenile police, b. Provision of professional service and enforcement of supervision by other public agencies, c. Enforcement of punishment to offenders of Juvenility protection Regulation or Fallen Behavior Prevention Regulation, d. Provision of professional services for runaway adolesents by private Community welfare centers, and e. Enhancement of business men's and public interests. 3. Intervention at Reformatory a. Humanistic treatment, b. Officient vocational training and arrangement, c. Professional Counselling and treatment, and probation and needed after the release from Reformatory