兒童의 집단놀이 상황에서의 協同成·競爭性 硏究

Abstract

본 연구에서는 合理的인 間題解決戰略이 요구되는 집단놀이 상황에서 국민학교 아동의 協同性 및 競爭性의 차이를 年鈴別, 性別, 사회계층별로 比較하고자 하였다. 이 연구를 위해 中上, 中下, 下層에 해당되는 국민학교 2, 4, 6학年 남녀아동 192명을 대상으로 「Madsen Cooperation Board」를 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 그 내용은 補償獲得의 最大化를 위해 協同性이 요구되는 集團補償條件과 個別補償條件, 그리고 競爭性이 요구되는 個別補償條件의 세가지 실험이었다. 실험결과는 年鈴別, 性別, 사회계층별로 분류하여 통계적으로 검증하였다. 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 補償獲得의 最大化를 위해 合理的 問題解決戰略이 요구되는 집단놀이 상황에서는 年鈴이 많을수록, 또 여아보다 남아가 協同戰珞을 많이 보였다. 또한 여아보다는 남아가 論理的 思考에 의한 協同能力이 빨리 發達하는 경향을 보였다. 사회계층별로는 전체적인 協同水準에는 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 다만 協同的 集團補償에서 個別補償으로 補償條件으로 변경됨에 따라 中上曆과 下潛은 有意한 수준의 協同性의 감소를 보였으나, 中下層은 補償條件變化에 영향을 받지 않았다.;The present study was intended to compare the effect of age, sex and socioeconomic status on the cooperative ＆ competitive behavior of elementary school children under the group play situation which needs rational problem solving strategy. 192 subjects who participated in the present study were boys and girls of the 2nd, 4th and 6th grade in elementary school, and they were belonged to upper - middle, lower socioeconomic status. They were asked to play on the "Madsen Cooperation Board", and 3 kinds of different condition were given. They were the Group Reward Condition and Individual Reward Condition, where cooperative behavior is needed for the maximizition of reward, and the Individual Rewad Condition, where competitive behavior is needed. The result can be summarized as followings ; The older subjects showed significantly more cooperative strategy than the younger ones and boys showed significantly more cooperative stategy than girls under the group Play situation where rational problem solving strategy was needed for the maximization of reward. And the boys showed the tendency to develop the ability of using the cooperative strategy according to rational thinking process earlier than the girls. As the reward condition changed from cooperative Group Reward Condition to Individual Reward Condition, the children in upper - middle ＆ lower socioeconomic class showed significant decrease in cooperative behavior, but the children in lower - middle socioeconomic class was not affected by the change of reward condition.