兒童의 道德的 判斷에 影響을 미치는 變因들에 關한 硏究

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effect of mode of presentation and order of presentation on children's moral judgments. The subjects of this study were 60 kindergarteners, 30 first graders and 30 second graders, who were in the preop-erational period and early concrete operational period. The mean ages were 5.9,7.1 and 8.1 respectively. Half of the children in each grade level were females and half were males. In order to examine the effect of mode of presentation on children's moral judgment, three mode of presentation were employed in children of each age. One was verbally presented, another was verbally presented with the pictures implied motives by the actor's facial expressions, and the third one was verbally presented with the pictures conveyed the motives explicitly by connecting to the actor's head cartoon-like representation of the goal which he intends to achieve. And to examine the effect of order of story presentation on young children's moral judgments, the information was only presented to kindergarteners through stories with either normal information order, motive-outcome, or reversed order, outcome-motive. The results of this study were as follows. First, children's use of motive have been increased whe-reas their use of outcome have been decreased in making moral judgment be tween first graders and second graders. Second, the mode of presentation exerted a significant influence upon the children's moral judgment. When the information was verbally presented with pictures children's use of motive had a greater effect on making moral judgment than when the information was only verbally presented. And the more motives of pictures expressed explicitly, the more children's use of motive had increased. Third, motive x outcome interaction significantly affected on children's making moral judgment. Whenever there was a negative cue in the motive-outcome pair, the negative cue has a significant influence on judgment. Forth, the order of presentation showed an important influence in young children's moral judgment. Young children depended more on the information presented later. When the outcome information preceded the motive information, young children relied more on the motive. And when the motive information preceded the outcome information, they relied more on the outcome.;본 연구는 전조작기 및 구체적 조작기 초기에 있는 유치원, 1학년 2학년 아동을 대상으로, 아동이 도덕적 판단을 할 때,「이야기 제시 방법의 유형과 제시순서가, 판단의 동기나 결과 고려에 영향」을 미치는지의 여부를 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 제시방법은 말로 전달하는 방법과, 표정으로 동기를 표현한 그림을 말과 함께 전달하는 방법과, 동기를 명확하게 표현한 그림을 말과 함께 전달하는 방법을 사용하였으며, 제시순서는 동기부터 설명하고 나중에 결과를 설명하는 방법과, 결과를 설명하고 나중에 동기를 설명 하는 방법을 사용하였다. 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 1 ~ 2학년 사이에, 아동의 동기의존도는 증가하고 결과의존도는 감소한다. 2. 제시방법은 아동의 도덕적 판단에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있다. 말로 제시한 방법보다, 그림을 함께 제시하여 동기를 명확하게 표현할수록 아동의 동기의존도는 높아진다. 3. 동기-결과의 유형은 아동의 도덕적 판단에 영향을 미치고 있다. 동기나 결과 중, 어느 한 쪽이 부정적 단서일 때, 그 부정적 단서는 판단에 영향을 미친다. 4. 제시순서는 아동의 도덕적 판단에 영향을 미치고 있다. 제시순서를 동기→결과의 순서로 할 때보다, 결과→동기의 순으로 할때, 아동의 동기 의존도는 증가한다.