가족 및 주거특성이 주거만족에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 가족특성, 주거특성 및 사회관계 변인이 주관적인 주거만족에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 주거생활의 질 향상에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 연구의 구체적인 목적은 첫째, 주택형태에 따른 가족특성의 차이를 밝히며 둘째, 가족특성 및 주거특성에 따른 사회관계의 차이를 밝힌다. 세째, 가족특성, 주거특성 및 사회관계가 주거 만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악한다. 연구방법은 질문지법과 면접법을 사용하여 서울시내 강북지역과 강남지역에서 회수된 질문지 374부 중 291부를 통계처리에 사용하였다. 자료의 분석방법은 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 분산분석, 회귀분석 등을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 주택형태에 따른 가족특성은 차이가 있다. 초등교육기와 고등교육기는 단독주택에 거주하는 경향이 있으며, 아파트 거주 가족은 남편과 주부의 교육수준이 높았고 남편의 직업은 보다 전문직에 가까왔다. 2. 사회관계 중 이웃관계는 고등교육기인 주부가 가장 높았으며, 아파트에 거주하는 취업주부는 낮았고, 교육수준이 낮은 주부는 이웃 관계가 높게 나타났다. 아파트 거주 주부는 단독주택 거주 주부보다 친척관계가 보다 높았다. 3. 본 연구의 아파트 및 단독주택 거주자는 주택 및 이웃환경에 대해 비교적 만족해하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 가족특성에 따라 주거 만족도는 유의한 차이가 있다. 소득이 높을수록 주택단위 만족도는 높게 나타났다. 교육수준이 낮으면서 소득이 낮은 경우, 그리고 교육수준이 높으면서 소득이 높은 경우, 전체 만족도는 생활주기가 고등교육기에 가까울수록 높게 나타났다. 그러나 교육수준이 높고 소득이 높은 경우라도 초등교육기는 전체만족도가 가장 낮았다. 전체만족도가 가장 높은 집단은 아파트에 거주하는 고등교육기 단계인 가정이었다. 5. 주거특성에 따라 주거만족도는 유의한 차이가 있다. 아파트인 경우 방당거주인수가 적을 때, 이웃환경의 놀이터시설 수준이 높을 때 주택단위 만족도가 높았으며, 놀이터시설, 공공시설 수준이 높을 때 이웃시설 만족도는 높았다. 또한 아파트 구조가 복도식일 때 이웃사람에 대한 만족도는 높았다. 단독주택인 경우 방당거주인수가 적을 때, 온수급수 시설이 좋을 때, 주택단위 만족도가 높았으며 의료시설, 놀이터 시설수준이 높을 때, 막다른 골목일 때, 이웃시설 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 6. 친척관계가 높아짐에 따라 주택단위 만족도가 높아졌으며, 이웃 관계가 높아짐에 따라 이웃사람에 대한 만족도가 높아졌다. 7. 전체 주거만족도에 영향을 주는 변인은 소득, 가정생활주기, 남편의 교육, 주택소유형태, 주택형태 등 가족특성 변인이 두드러진 특징으로 나타났다. 앞으로의 연구는 주생활 양식, 생태학적 요인을 포함하는 폭넓은 연구가 요구된다.;This study was designed to investigate the effect of household characteristics(the stage of family life cycle, income, occupation, education, wife's work status, home-ownership), housing characteristics(number of persons per room, housing type, housing quality), and social interaction on residential satisfaction, and to examine the relationships between housing type and household characteristics. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were administrated to 291 homewakers in Seoul. For statistical analysis, frequency distribution, analysis of variance, χ^(2)-test, multiple reqression analysis were used. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was a difference in family characteristics by housing type. Families with children from elementary to high school years mostly lived in detached houses, and the educational levels of couples in families living in apartment houses have been appeared quite high and the husband's ocupa-tions in those families were nearly professional. 2. The social interaction of housewives with children in high school years was the highest while those with jobs residing in apartment houses was low and those with lower education has been appeared high; the interaction with relatives of housewives in apartment houses was higher than those in detached houses. 3. The residents in apartment houses and detached houses chosen as objects of this study have been appeared to be generally satisfied with their dwelling and the neighborhood. 4. There was a significant difference in housing satisfaction by the family characterisics. The satisfaction on the housing unit has been appeared higher to those with higher income. In both cases of families, one with low education and low incone, and the other with higher education and higher income, the entire satisfaction has been appeared high when the family life cycles reached closer to high school years. Though families with higher education and higher income, in case the children were in the elemevtary school years, the entire satisfaction was low. The family group with the highest entire satisfaction was those whose children were in high school education, residing in apartment houses. 5. There was a significant difference in housing satisfaction by housing characteristics. In case of apartment houses, when the number of persons per room was smaller, the level of playground and other public facilities in the neighborhood was high, the housing satisfaction has been appeared high. In case of detached houses, when the number of persons per room was smaller, the hot water supply facility was good, the level of medical and playground facilities was high, and located at the end of a blind alley, the housing satisfaction has been appeared high. 6. As the interaction with relatives was high, the satisfaction on housing unit was high, and as the neighborhood interaction was high, the higher satisfaction on the neighborhood was resulted in. 7. The variables giving influence to the entire housing satisfaction were those of the family characteristics such as income, the stage of family life cycle, husband's education, homeownership, and housing type, etc., which has been appeared as a distinct feature affecting housing satisfaction. An extensive study including life style and ecological factors are recommended in the future.