展示(EXPOSITION)의 機能 및 그 디자인 過程(DESIGN PROCESS)에 관한 硏究

Abstract

展示(Exposition)는 直接的인 이점을 커뮤니케이션 방법으로서 다양한 藝術的통합을 必要로 하는 情報시스템(Information)으로 多學文的(Multidisciplinary)인 硏究活動이며 有用性과 文化性을 包含하는 複合的 機能을 創出하기 때문에 社會的 커뮤니케이션의 반영으로 발전하고 있다. 따라서 本 論文에서는 「展示(Exposition)」라는 토탈 디자인(Total Design)적 매체를 社會的 要求의 반영은 물론 시·청·촉각의 感覺的 체험을 총합하는 造型活動으로서 단순히 '어떻게(How)'의 측면에서 벗어나 '왜(Why)'에 대한 意味 및 그 重要性에 관하여 相互맥락을 찾아보았으며, 그 실천적 디자인의 過程을 통하여 통합적 프로그램의 基本的 모델을 구체화시킴으로서 가설적 代案을 提示하였다. 이와같은 展示環境디자인 過程에서 나타난 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. Ⅰ. 硏究의 目的과 디자인 方法을 體系化하였으며, 그 時間的·物理的 範圍를 한정하였다. Ⅱ.1) 展示의 槪念的 하이어라키(hierarchy)는 貿易의 확장, 産業活動의 分節을 연결시켜주는 範圍에서부터 人類의 生存과 복지세계를 향한 敎育的 측면을 담당한다. 2) 展示디자인은 디자인의 技術에 있어서 넓은 영역으로 불리우는 多學問的(Multidisciplinary) 硏究活動으로 하나의 科學에 한정되지는 않는다. 3) 商業的 特性과 非商業的 特性을 가지며 4) 대상(Object), 場所(Space), 인간(Person), 時間(Time)의 조합을 必要로 한다. 5) 보이는(感知)行爲로서의 視覺傳達 매체라는 徵視的 機能에서, 미래적 言語로서의 建築에의 기여, 都市計劃的 차원에서 地域發展의 촉진과 文化情報의 보편화 및 國家이미지 확립이라는 巨視的 機能까지의 생성적 파급 效果를 가진다. 6) 하나의 展示效果는 事前計劃을 통하여 이루어지는 각 分野間의 공통적인硏究의 質(즉, in put)에 直接的으로 비례한다고 말할 수 있다. Ⅲ. 展示디자인이 要求하는 知的 情報體系의 形成으로서 主題의 한정된 知識에의 依存을 탈피하여 現代디자인 分野에 새롭게 대두되고 있는 一般 科學理論으로서 學的 接近을 시도하였다. 1) 시스템 理論(System Theory)的 觀點；전시는 環境시스템, 建築시스템, 活動시스템등의 單純成과 複合成을 동시에 包含하며, 주변 環境과 相互作用된 狀態로서의 設計地區體系(Design Districts System), 主空間 副空間 체계(Major／Minot System), 混成體系(Mixed System)를 가지며 이와같은 조직적 투시화의 過程은 展示環境計劃의 單純化(Simplicity)를 가져온다. 2) 커뮤니케이션 理論(Communication Theory)的 觀點； 展示는 人間과 展示物, 人間과 展示環境과의 커뮤니케이션의 유도과정이다. 따라서 그 言語的 性格은 모든이에게 받아들여질수 있는 보편성을 形成하며 정적인 思考의 活動을 돕는 패턴 랭귀지 시스템(Pattern Language System)으로 범주화 된다. 3) 經驗美學 論理(Empircal Aesthetics Theory)的 觀點； 4차원의 藝術속에 나타나는 知覺축적의 過程으로서 변화의 차원(Dimension of Change)을 수반하는 直接的 인식의 過程을 통한 즉시적 經驗(直接的 情報 ; first hand)으로서의 展示는 全體性의 槪念을 갖으며, 展示空間은 人間과 相互作用하는 空間的 秩序의 創造物로서 통일된 全體를 추구하는 것으로 해석된다. 展示物이 차지하는 범역을 초월하는 영향력을 가지며, 관찰자는 복잡한 차원속에서 관련대상의 포지션(Position)과 자신의 軸(Axis)에 의하여 잠재적 背景(Ground)을 形成하며 空間해석을 한다. Ⅳ. 조사된 기존문헌 및 자료와 理論的 接近을 토대로 하여 展示環境디자인 過程의 槪念的 틀을 정립하고 合理的인 展示디자인의 基準的 좌표를 提示하고자 하였다. 1) 展示主題「藝術과 科學의 만남」의 槪念的 計劃 위에서 모든 計劃과 디자인의 要素들이 만나서 가능한한 많은 情報를 傳達할수 있도록 物理的 環境을 포함한 全空間을 메시지 體系로 計劃하였다. 2) 全體的인 視覺패턴이 포괄적으로 보여지며, 創造的 空間經驗을 할 수 있는 視覺計劃이 되도록 하였으며 3) 넓은 意味의 環境네트웍으로서 團地計劃에서부터 展示物의 배치까지 통합된 全體시스템으로 파악하였으며, 展示연출에 있어서 새로운 法則性의 創造와 人間­環境시스템화의 역할수행을 할수 있도록 計劃하였다. 4) 全디자인 過程을 일종의 情報處理 體系로 보았으며 이를 디자인 段階에서 나타나는 문제점들과 수정·보완하면서 必要한 사실들이 일관되고 意味있게 수합되도록 計劃하였다. 5) 지금까지 진행시켜온 디자인에 대한 질적 수준의 타당성(Validity)의 評價過程( ; feed back )으로서 美學的, 실제적, 社會的 價値體系로 分類하여 그 적합성의 여부( degree of fitness )를 '적합( fit )' 으로 판단하였다. Ⅴ. 展示는 人間生活의 모든 영역과 그들이 發展하는 狀態를 包含하는 實踐的 科學이며, 예술-과학( Art-Science )의 의미로서 커뮤니케이션을 構成하는 獨立的 言語의 새로운 情報價値이므로 그 學約 接近과 合理的 디자인의 過程을 동시에 수반해야 하는 통합적 프로그램의 과정을 要求한다.;Exposition, that is the integration of various genres of art, is basically a means of communication and acts as a kind of new information system. In this regard, exposition should be considered not only as the art in which visual, auditory, tactile sense are combined with together but also as the reflection of social need to communication. In this study, it is aimed to review the exposition by using semantic approach which concentrates on 'why' to do rather than 'how' to do and then to suggest a basic model which illustrates the actual process of programming of the exposition as a tentative alternative. The follow are the summary of major contents of'this study. In chapter 1, the objectives of this study were described and its scope was defined physically and geographically. In chapter 2, the concept and basic structure of exposition was studied and the major findings were as follows; 1) The conceptual hierarchy of exposition can be extended from linkage of various industrial activies to education for the existence and welfare of humankinds. 2) The design of exposition needs the involvement of various design techniques of multi-disciplinary science. 3) The exposition has both commercial and non-commercial characteristics. 4) The design of exposition is the combination of object, space, person, and time. 5) The exposition performs far-reaching functions ranging from micro-one as an visual media to macro-one such as contribution to architecture as a future-oriented language, promotion of community development, internationalization of cultural information, enhancement of the image of nation, etc. 6) The outcome of exposition is directly proportionate to the quality of the study of various composing fields done in the preliminary planning stage. In chapter 3, theoretical approach to exposition design was attempted to diversify the viewpoint of exposition design, make it possible to acknowledge and use various knowledge and information. 1) Approach by system theory: Exposition has the characteristics of both simplicity and complexity spontaneously which appear in environment system, building system, activity system and goal system, etc. It also includes design districts system, major/minor system and mixed system which were classified by the pattern of the interrelationship between exposition and its surroundings. Through the process of systematization, it is possible to simplify the exposition environment planning. 2) Approach by communication theory: Exposition is the process of communication between human and exposition environment as well as between human and exhibits, and process which induces the systematic communication through the sense of visual, auditory and tactile. Accordingly it has universality in message delivery and furthermore, as a pattern language system, it can help the process of static thinking for an object. 3) Approach by empirical aesthetics theory: As the process of information accumulation coming with the dimension of change, the exposition produces the firsthand experience and the concept of wholeness through a direct contact. Therefore, the exposition space pursues the integrated wholeness which provides a new order for a space inter-relating with human being. The exhibits have a position value in its own exposition, which is controlled by the wholeness, and which has the influencing power beyond the scope of the exhibits. Persons who the setting which was formed on their own axis. In chapter 4, exposition environmental design and its process: Through the above analysis procedure, the conceptual frame of exposition environmental design is established and, on the base of it, some normative criteria presented and reflected on the design work. 1) Exposition space including physical one was portrayed as a message delivery system which make it possible to deliver information as much as possible. 2) The exposition theme was expressed on the basis of the concept of visual planning which creates a new experience for exposition space through the integrated and comprehensive observation. 3) As an environmental newtwork in a broad sense which is an integrated total system covering from site plan to exhibits arrangement, the creation of new design rule and the realization of human-environment system were emphasized. 4) Total design process was grasped as a kind of information processing system, and then all factors of design were expressed consistently and meaningfully in the work through the modification and complement of problems occured in actual design working. 5) In view of aesthetical, practical and social value, the validity of my exposition environmental design work was assessed and complemented through feedback of application criteria. In chapter 5, as a result exposition design study is practical science □ing all the scope and development of human life, art science, and new information media which means an individual language of communication. Accordingly, it must be made through the process of programme integration which considers both theoretial approaches and rational design process spontaneously. Thus, this study is expected to be moment to increase recognition and Exposition Design make a contribution to promote of human life in quality.