View : 650 Download: 0

Full metadata record

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.author김소정-
dc.creator김소정-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T10:08:31Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T10:08:31Z-
dc.date.issued2007-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000020339-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/198009-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000020339-
dc.description.abstractEukaryotic DNA is packaged into chromatin. The chromatin structure generally restricts the access of cellular proteins to their target chromatin substrates. Modulation of chromatin structure is therefore essential to the nuclear processes such as DNA repair. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are generated by exposure to ionizing radiation, and also can occur during the normal cellular processes such as DNA replication. As an early step in the cellular responses to DNA DSBs, H2AX, the variant X of histone H2A, is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser-139 (termed as γ-H2AX) by the PI-3 kinase like kinase, ATM. Recent studies showed that γ-H2AX is crucial for chromosomal DSB repair and the maintenance of genome integrity, and hence prevent development of cancer. However, the exact roles of γ-H2AX in DSB repair remain unclear. As a step towards understanding the role of γ-H2AX in DSB repair, I investigated the potential role of γ-H2AX in modulation of chromatin structure around the sites of DSBs. First, by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, I demonstrate that γ-H2AX specificallyinteract with two swi/snf-based ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, SWI/SNF and hINO80 complexes, which have been recently shown to be important for DSB repair in our laboratory. Second, using similar experimental approaches, I found that acetylation of histone H3 and H4 on the chromatin around DSB sites is dependent on the phosphorylation of H2AX. The γ-H2AX-dependent acetylation is specific since methylation of the same histones is not affected by the phosphorylation status of H2AX. Finally, I found that down-regulation of BRG-1, the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexes, abrogates the γ-H2AX-dependent acetylation of the histones H3 and H4, suggesting that SWI/SNF facilitates histone acetylation at a DSB via γ-H2AX. These results suggest that the role of γ-H2AX in the repair process is to modulate chromatin structure at DSB sites by recruiting remodeling complexes as well as by helping histone acetylation such a manner that the access of repair machinery to the DNA lesions is facilitated. In addition, my results provide an excellent example in which distinct histone modifications affect each other through the mechanism referred to as "histone crosstalk", implicating the histone code hypothesis in the process of chromosomal DSB repair.;진핵세포의 DNA는 크로마틴 형태로 응축되어 있다. 세포 내에서 DNA복구와 같은 과정이 일어날 때 단백질이 절단된 DNA 부위에 근접해야 하기 때문에, 크로마틴 구조가 바뀌는 과정이 필수적이다. DNA는 방사선과 같은 외적 요인이나 V(D)J recombination과 같은 내적 요인에 의해 이중나선 절단(DSBs)이 일어난다. DSB가 일어나면 DNA 복구체계의 활성화, 세포사멸 등의 과정을 통해 암이 일어나지 않게 한다. DSB는 히스톤 H2AX의 인산화를 유도하고, H2AX의 인산화는 DSB복구와 유전체 보전성 유지, 암 발생을 막는 데 필수적이다. 그러나 DSB복구에 필수적이라고 알려진 H2AX 인산화와 크로마틴 변형과의 관계에 대한 연구는 거의 되어있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 DSB 주변의 크로마틴 구조가 변할 때 H2AX 인산화의 역할과, H2AX 인산화에 의존적으로 히스톤의 변형이 어떻게 일어나는지에 대해 알아보았다. 크로마틴 면역침강 기법을 통해 DSB복구에 중요하다고 알려진, SWI/SNF 복합체와 hINO80 복합체가 복구과정을 수행할 때 인산화 된 H2AX에 결합한다는 것을 밝혀내었고 DSB주변에서 인산화 된 H2AX에 의존적으로 히스톤 H3와 H4 에 아세틸화(acetylation)가 일어난다는 것을 밝혔다. 또 SWI/SNF의 활성을 감소시키면 H3와 H4의 아세틸화가 줄어든다는 것을 알았다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 리모델링 복합체가 DSB주위로 모여들어 크로마틴의 구조를 변형 시킬 때 H2AX에 의존적으로 리모델링 복합체가 더 많이 모여들고, 아세틸화를 촉진시켜 크로마틴의 구조 변형을 증가시키며 DNA복구 체계를 더욱 활성화 시킴을 알 수 있다. 이 결과는 포유류에서 처음으로, DNA복구 측면에서 H2AX 인산화와 리모델링 복합체의 직접적인 관계를 밝히고, 히스톤 변형이 DSB복구 체계로서 히스톤 코드 가설의 중요한 예가 됨을 제시한 점에서 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1 Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 1. Materials 7 2. Cell culture 7 3. Immunoblot analysis 8 4. Chromatin binding assay 8 5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation 9 6. Preparation of Flag-H2AX constructs and 293T stable cell line 11 7. Immunofluorescence microscopy 12 Ⅲ. RESULTS 13 1. Establishment of the cells that express Flag-tagged H2AX 13 2. Flag-H2AX mimics the endogenous H2AX when expressed in 293T cells 13 3. The Snf2 family chromatin remodeling complexes specifically interact with γ-H2AX 16 4. Functions of histone modification in biological processes 24 5. The phosphorylation of H2AX is required for histone H3 acetylation but not for methylation 24 6. The phosphorylation of H2AX is required for histone H4 acetylation but not for methylation 27 7. The N-terminal Tail of H2AX is not required for the γ-H2AX induction after DNA damage 30 8. The SWI/SNF complexes are required for histone H3 and H4 acetylation 35 Ⅲ. DISCUSSION 38 Ⅴ. REFERENCES 44 국문초록 53-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1959347 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleRole of γ-H2AX in chromatin remodeling and histone modifications at the sites of DNA double strand breaks-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.title.translatedDNA 이중 나선 절단 부위에서의 크로마틴 리모델링과 히스톤 변형에 있어서 H2AX 인산화의 역할-
dc.creator.othernameKim, So jung-
dc.format.pagevi, 54 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 분자생명과학부-
dc.date.awarded2007. 2-
Appears in Collections:
일반대학원 > 생명·약학부 > Theses_Master
Files in This Item:
There are no files associated with this item.
Export
RIS (EndNote)
XLS (Excel)
XML


qrcode

BROWSE