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서울시내 一部 中學生의 視力 및 眼鏡着用과 그에 따른 保健行態 調査硏究

Title
서울시내 一部 中學生의 視力 및 眼鏡着用과 그에 따른 保健行態 調査硏究
Other Titles
(A) study on the spectacles-wearing and eyesight health behavior of the middle school students
Authors
全禮眞
Issue Date
1993
Department/Major
대학원 건강교육과
Keywords
서울시내중학생시력안경착용보건행태
Publisher
이화여자대학교 대학원
Degree
Master
Abstract
Owing to the use of many cultural facilities, the elevation of life standards and the high level progress of industry, visual impairment was on of increasing trends. Especially due to studying for many hours, the myopia of adolescents became a serious social issue. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent's wearing glasses and eyesight condition, whether the primary myopia factor and the subjective symptoms were different between the myopia group and the normal group, between the wearing glasses group and the non-wearing glasses group, and the effect on physical, mental and study activity of myopia. The subject of investigation was 627 middle school students in Seoul and the investigation was accomplished from July 7th ,1993 to July 12th, 1993. The data were analyzed by the percentage, χ^(2)-test, t-test and ANOVA of SPSS. The results were as follows: 1. The rate of the right and left eyesights higher than 0.8 in the normal group was 47.0%, and those less than 0.7 in the myopia group was 53.0%. In the boy students, the normal group was 54.1%, the myopia group was 45.9%. In the girl students, the normal group was 39.2%, the myopia group was 60.8%. Therefore the girl students' myopia rates were higher than the boy students', and this result was significant(P<0.01). 2. The rate of wearing glasses of the middle school students was 44.6%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was 56.8%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was higher than that of the boy students 43.2%. The rate of necessary glasses of the middle school students was 6.1% and the rate of necessary glasses of the boy students was 7.9%, the rate of necessary glasses of the girl students was 4.1%. 3. The less household economic standard, the less rate of wearing glasses(P<0.01). The primary time of wearing glasses was "After entering elementary school" and then the rate of wearing glasses was 56.1%. After entering middle school, the rate of wearing glasses was on an increasing trend. Especially in case of the boy students, the rate of increasing was 20.7% after entering middle school. 4. In case of a family member of the student wear glasses, the rate of wearing glasses was higher. 5. In the myopia group, the main reason for not wearing glasses was "Uncomfortable"(63.3% in the boy students, 40% in the girl students). In case of the girl students, "Nonpermission of their parents" was 18.7% and remarkably higher than 5.1% in case of the boy students. 6. The factor of myopia was that "The bad attitude of watching TV closely" was 19.9%, that "The bad attitude of reading" was 11.6%, that "The use of computer" was 9.9%, that "The dimly-lit room" was 6.6%. 7. In order to protect eyesight, the rate of the students who practiced "Looking at something from afar 3-4times a day" was 37.3%, the rate of the students who did "Eye exercise" was 17.5%, the rate of the students who took "A medicine for promoting nutrition" was 12.9%. The rate of taking the medicine was higher than 3.5% in the normal eyesight group. 8. The parents' concern of eyesight 21.2% in the myopia group was higher than that 36.5% in the normal eyesight group. 9. After near working, the point of subjective symptoms was higher in the myopia group than in the normal group and in the wearing glasses group than in the unwearing group and in the girl students than in the boy students. 10. The longer time to watch TV, the higher point of subjective symptoms. The longer distance to watch TV, the lower point of subjective symptoms(P<0.05).;고도의 산업밭달과 생활수준의 향상 및 각종 문화시설의 사용으로 시력장애는 매년 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 특히 장시간의 학업으로 인한 청소년기 중·고등학생들의 시력저하 현상은 점차 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중학생의 시력 및 안경착용실태를 파악하고 시력저하에 영향을 미치는 요인과 보건행태, 자각증상이 시력저하군과 정상시력군, 안경착용군과 비착용군간에 차이가 있는지를 분석하고, 시력저하가 신체·정신·학습활동에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적을 두고 1993년 7월 7일부터 7월 12일까지 서울시내에 소재하는 중학교 학생 627명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 백분율 x^(2)-test, t-test, ANOVA로 분석되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 중학생의 좌안과 우안의 시력이 모두 0.8 이상인 정상시력군은 47.0%, 양안이 0.7 이하인 시력저하군은 53%였고, 이를 남녀별로 비교해 보면 남학생의 정상시력군은 54.1%, 시력저하군은 45.9%, 여학생의 정상시력군은 39.2%, 시력저하군은 60.8%로 여학생의 시력저하율이 남학생보다 높은 경향이었으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2. 중학생의 시력저하율은 53%, 안경착용률은 44.6%였으며, 안경착용률을 남녀별로 살펴보면 여학생의 착용률은 56.8%로 남학생의 착용률 43.2%보다 높았다. 안경이 필요한 학생의 비율은 6.1%였고, 이를 남녀별로 나누어 분석한 결과 남학생의 안경필요율은 7.9%로 여학생의 안경필요율 4.1%보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 가정 경제생활수준이 낮을수록 안경착용률이 낮았으며 (P<0.01), 안경착용군의 안경착용시기는 "국민학교에 입학한 이후" 가 56.1%로 가장 높았으며, 중학교 입학후에도 남학생의 안경착용률은 20.7%로 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 4, 부모의 안경착용에 따른 대상자의 안경착용률은 시력저하군이 26,9%, 정상시력군이 18.1%였으며, 형제자매의 안경착용에 따른 대상자의 안경착용률은 시력저하군이 66.8%, 정상시력군이 33.2%였다. 5. 시력저하군에서 안경을 착용하지 않는 이유는 "불편하기 때문"이 남학생 63.3%, 여학생 40%로 가장 많은 것으로 나타났고 여학생의 경우 "부모님의 불허"가 18.7%로 남학생의 5.1%보다 높았다. 6. 시력저하에 영향을 미치는 요인은 "TV시청시 가까운 거리에서 장시간 부적절한 자세로 보는 습관" 19.9%, "올바르지 못한 독서 자세" 11.6%, "컴퓨터 사용" 9.9%, "공부방과 교실의 어두운 조명상태" 6.6%의 순으로 나타났다. 7. 일상생활의 시력 보호 행동에서 "하루에 3-4번 멀리보기"를 실천하고 있는 학생은 대상자의 37.3%, "눈체조" 경험군은 17.5%였고, "눈 영양제 복용"은 시력저하군에서 12.9%로 정상시력군에서 3.5%보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 8. 학생의 시력에 대한 부모의 관심정도는 정상시력군 36.5%, 시력저하군 21.2%로 시력저하군에서 15.3%높았다. 9. 근거리 작업(near work) 후의 자각증상은 정상시력군보다는 시력저하군에서, 안경비착용군보다는 안경착용군에서, 남녀별로는 남학생보다는 여학생에서 높게 나타났다. 10. TV 시청시간에 따른 자각증상은 시청시간이 증가할수록 자각증상 점수가 높았고, TV 시청거리에 따른 자각증상은 TV 브라운관에서 멀어질수록 자각증상 점수가 낮았으며 통계적으로도 유의차가 있었다(P<0.05).
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