학교급식과 학생들의 체격 및 체력에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of school food service program which is regarded to affect the physique and physical fitness of students, and to provide the basic information on more effective school food program which is needed for students to improve their physical growth. Using five years' longitudinal data of the physique and physical examination of 739 students who were in the 4th, 5th, 6th grade in food service program elementary school, new all of them are in non food service program middle school, the study method is performed. 1. Comparing the physique and physical fitness factors between two students groups (school food service program and non school food service program group), in height, weight, chest girth, sitting height, the students group in school food service grow better than the other group, and all the factors show statically 1% significant individual difference (P<0.01)between two groups. The difference of height, weight, chest girth between two groups is significant, but that of sitting height is not too significant. Physical fidelity index of the students group in school food service program is 122.34 which exceeds by 1.18 that of the other students group in non school food service program. 2. Examining the physical fitness factors between two groups, in long jump, dangling(female), the students group in school food service program shows 1% significant individual difference (P<0.01). There are no differences between two groups in all of the factors of 100-M race, long throwing, abdominal muscle power test and chinning-up. In physical fitness factors, physical fitness index of the special grade students group in school food service program is 2.4%, and that of non school food service program is 3.9%. In grade 5, physical fitness index of students group in school food service group is 22.8% and that of non school food service school group is 28.8%. Physical strength index of students group in school food service program concentrates in central grades. 3. The points of physique and physical fitness which is converted into standard score shows that students group in school food service program gains higher point than the other group in four items of height, weight, chest girth and sitting height. This difference of growth between two groups reaches its highest point when students become the in the middle school, three years after beginning the school food service program. Naturally there is no significant difference between two groups when school food service program starts. The 2nd grade students in the middle school show very high standard score. Among physical fitness factors, the students group is school food service program shows higher standard score in long jump, long throwing (male), dangling (female) but the other group shows higher score in 100-M race, abdominal muscle power test, chinning-up (male), long throwing (female). With these conclusions above, this study shows that the school food service program contributes significantly to students' physical constitution development, but this study can't show its effects on basic physical fitness. Physical constitution is very important in determining personal physical fitness and physical fidelity of students. In conclusion, school food service program contributes significantly to both physique and physical fitness development of students. Therefore, it is very desiable that school food service program should be continued after elementary school till the graduation from high school to guarantee the balanced development of the physique and physical fitness of students.;本 硏究는 學校給食이 體格과 體力에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 규명하고 學生들의 心身의 均衡的인 發達을 위하여 學校給食을 活性化 하기 위한 그 基礎資料를 提供하는 데 硏究의 目的을 두고 있다. 이러한 目的을 달성하기 위하여 給食學生과 非給食學生 739명을 對象으로 體格과 體力檢査 種目을 國民學校 4學年에서 中學校 2學年까지 5년간 縱斷的으로 調査 分析하였다. 그 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 給食群과 非給食群의 體格要因 중 身長은 給食群이 非給食群보다 統計的으로 1％水準에서 有意한 差를 가지고 우세하게 나타났다(P＜0.01). 體重에서도 給食群이 非給食群보다 1％水準에서 有意한 差를 보여 優勢하게 나타났다(P＜ 0.01). 胸圍도 身長·體重과 같이 均衡있게 성장하여 給食群이 1％水準에서 有意한 差를 가지고 우세하게 나타났다(P＜0.01). 坐高는 1％水準에서 有意한 差를 가지고 給食群이 우세하게 나타났으나 身長·體重·胸圍보다는 낮은 성장율을 보였다(P＜0.01). 身體充實指數는 給食群 122.34, 非給食群 121.16으로 給食群이 높게 나타났다. 2. 給食群과 非給食群의 體力要因에서 제자리 멀리뛰기, 매달리기(女)는 給食群이 統計的으로 1％水準에서 有意한 差로 우세하였다(P＜0.01) 오래달리기 種目은 非給食群이 1％水準에서 有意한 差를 보여 우세하게 나타났다(P＜0.01). 100m달리기, 던지기, 윗몸 일으키기, 턱걸이(男)는 두 集團間에 有意한 差가 發見되지 않았다. 體力級數는 특급에서 給食群 2.4％, 非給食群 3.9％ 給食群의 성적이 낮으며 5급은 給食群 22.8％로 給食群 성적이 높다. 따라서 給食群은 中間級數에 고르게 나타났다. 3. 標準得點으로 환산한 體格要因의 點數를 比較하여 본 結果 身長, 體重, 胸圍, 坐高 4항목 모두 給食群이 높은 點數를 얻어 成長이 우세하였다. 두 集團間에 標準得點 差가 가장 큰 學年은 學校給食을 實施한 3年 後인 中學校 1學年이며 差가 가장 작은 學年은 國民學校 4學年으로 나타났다. 學校給食을 받지 않는 中學校 2學年까지도 給食群의 標準得點이 높아 學校給食 後의 體格向上에도 效果가 있는 것으로 보였다. 體力要因에서 給食群의 標準得點이 높은 경우 제자리 멀리뛰기, 던지기(男), 매달리기(女) 種目으로 나타났으며 非給食群의 標準得點이 높은 경우는 100m 달리기, 윗몸 일으키기, 턱걸이(男), 던지기(女)로 나타났다.