'매춘'을 통해서 본 성통제구조 일고찰

Abstract

이 논문은 여성에게 억압적으로 작용하는 성통제구조의 성격을 매춘 분석을 통하여 밝혀 보고자 한 것이다. 그 논의의 초점은 서구와는 다른 우리나라의 성통제구조의 특수성을 순결개념의 유지강화로 보고 이를 밝혀 보려는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 1970~85년 사이에 발표된 소설 중 매춘을 다룬 51편의 작품을 추출 분석하였다. 먼저 이론적 배경에서는 서구와는 다른 우리나라의 성통제상황을 부계혈통 중심의 가족의 유지와 연관시켜 살펴보았으며, 매춘을 보는 성통제적 입장에서의 접근방법을 순결, 성착취, 강제성이라는 관점에서 살펴 보았다. 이러한 이론적 배경에 근거하여, 분석을 위한 틀을 마련하였다. 즉, 매춘은 순결개념을 사회적으로 유지시키면서, 순결만으로는 충족되지 않는 남성욕구충족을 위해 강제된 집단이며, 남성의 욕구충족을 위한 형태로 존재하면서 여성에 대한 성착취를 유지시키는 것으로 보았다. 또한 이들이 순결과 무관하게 존재하는 것이 아니라 비순결로 인하여 제재를 받음으로써, 기존의 순결개념이 유지되는 것으로 보았다. 이를 구체적인 작품의 내용분석을 통해 살폈다. 분석의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 매춘은 경제적 성적 강제의 형태를 통하여 발생하게 된다. 이 강제는 직접적인 성적인 형태를 띈 강제와 성별분업화된 사회구조에 의한 간접적인 강제로 나타난다. 둘째, 매춘은 성착취구조에 의해 존재하게 되면서 또한 성착취를 유지시키게 된다. 즉 남성에게만 일방적으로 혼인이외의 성욕충족을 위한 기제가 발달되어 있는 성착취구조에 의해 존재하게 되어 또한 착취관계를 유지시키는 역할을 하게 된다. 셋째, 매춘에 대한 제재는 순결유지를 위한 형태로 나타나고 있다. 순결유지를 위해서는 비순결에 대한 제재와 순결에 대한 보상을 가하게 된다. 비순결에 대한 제재는 혼인에의 유입차단·비도덕집단화·불법집단화 등 규범적·물질적 제재의 형태를 띄고 나타나고 있다. 순결에 대한 보상은 정교화된 형태로 이루어지는 간접적인 비순결에 대한 제재이다. 이상의 결과들은 매춘의 유지가 남성 우위의 성착취구조에 발생하는데, 이는 성관계에서의 착취를 재생산하면서 순결유지를 강화하는 형태로 이루어지고 있음을 나타내 주고 있다.;The purpose of this study is to grasp the characteristics of the structure of sex-control operated oppresively on women through the critical analysis on prostitution in Korea. The theme of this study is focused on analyzing and studying the structure of sex-control in Korea which has a peculiarity functioned as a means of maintaining and strengthening the conception of purity. In doing so, 51 novels dealt with prostitution among Korean literary works published during the period of 1970 and 1985 were selected to be analized. In the chapter for the therectical background on this study, first of all, the situation of sex-control in Korea differed from that of Western countries was surveyed in connection with the maintenance of family formed centering around patriarchal kinship. Then the approaching method taken for this study was also discussed in terms of purity, sexual exploitation and coercion. Based on this theoretical background, the analyzing frame for this study was prepared and prostitution was conceptualized as follows: i.e,, prostitution is existed as a means of maintaining the conception of purity in this society, and prostitutes are a forced group by/for men's unsatiable sexual desire in the "Pure" relation to their wives or lovers, and at the same time prostitution reproduces the mechanism of sexual extortion on women, though it is existed only for the satisfaction of men's desire. Furthermore it means that prostitution is not existed exclusively/independently away from the purity, but it also constitutes a factor of maintaining the established conception of purity controlled by unpurity. The afore-mentioned theoretical paradigm of prostitution was examined/surveyed in detail through analyzing the contents of the selected novels. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, prostitution is occurred by a coercive structure in the economic and sexual contexts. And this coercive form can be divided into two categories; one is a coercion characterized by direct suxual forms and the other is marked by indirect coercions raised by the social structure prevailed by sexual division of labor. Secondly, it can be said that prostitution is a part of of a vicious cycle and it forms both a cause and effect of the cycle. That is, prostitution is not only existed by the structure of sexual exploitation, but also resulted in the reproduction of sexual exploitation. In other words, it comes into existence by the existing social structure and/or sexual-extortion structure which the mechanism of stimulating men's extra marital affairs only develops. Accordingly it leads the reproduction of the exploitative sexual relations. Thirdly, control or prohibition against prostitution is appeared in the form of maintaining the "purity." (who are not prostitutes and who do not live on selling their sexuality) For maintaining purity, it inevitably needs control over "unpurity" and compensation for purity. The instances of the control over unpurity is appeared in the forms of material and normative regulations. For instance, women who lost their purity--prostitutes--are prohibited from getting marriage and are alienated and confined asfa unvirtuous (immoral) group (women) or illegal group. However, the compensation for "purity" can be recognized and considered as an indirect and elaborated form of controlling "unpurity." As a conclusion, the analysis on prostitution appeared in Korean novels reveals that the maintenance of prostitution is caused by the structure of sex-exploitation in the society of male predominance. And this mechanism results in strengthening the maintining of "purity" as well as reproduces the extortion in sexual relations.