事實婚의 比較法的 考察

Abstract

In Western developed nations because the traditional notion of the marriage and the family has been changed, and the role of the woman has changed on account of industrialization and nuclear family, these days a movement for men and women to organize communities on the basis of their independence of each other or equalty has emerged. Though this trend did not begin suddenly in recent times but earlier in this century, it became noticable especially after 70s when the number of people, living in the new system of Cohabitance increased remarkably, and co-habitance has surfaced in Society. The western nations have no plan on how to understand, appreciate and treat Co-habitation, nor a special policy for a legal approach to protect the Cohabitors because the institution of marriage in each nation is different from every other. There is, however, no question that the number of Co-habitors will increase and never diminish because of industrialization, the elevation of women's economic role, and the open mind of youth toward Sex. In addition a shift from marriage as on in-stitution to marriage as a contract will not stopped. On the other hand, In Korea Cohabitance on the basis of a contract has appealed only a very little, but it has not been generalized to a degree that is recognizd, legally Cohabttance is applied and protected as a quasi-marriage. Because quasi-marriage is intended to protect the Co-habitor who intends to marry (though in some case the person who has no intention of marrying is regarded as intending to), it cannot offer legal protection to a cohabitor who has no Intention of marrying. In Korea, because of rapid industrialization and urbanization after the 70s, it Is supposed that the relationship between the number of the family will changed from the traditional and Co-habitance as a contract, as it has appeared In Western Europe will increase. (This trend has emerged in Japan which applies the quasi-marriage theory to Co-habitance). From this point of view it will be necessary for us to study the theory in Western nations to protect Co-habitance by establish-ing a policy to treat the diverse form of cohabitance which will emerge in the future. Therefore, in this article I have studied the legal phenomena of Co-habitance in America, France and Germany, also compared the result of the study with quasi-marriage in Korea and Japan to prepare a foundation for the protection of cohabitance which will be emerge as a new form of marriage.;요즈음의 西歐 先進工業國家에서는 産業化와 核家族化에 따른 傳統的인 婚姻, 家族觀의 變化와 女性의 地位向上 등에 힘입어 男女各自가 獨立, 對等한 立場에 서서 自由로운 意思에 의한 生活共同體를 設立하려는 움직임이 보여지고 있다. 이러한 움직임은 갑자기 시작된 것이 아니고 일찍부터 나타나고 있었지만 특히 '70年代 이후 새로운 形態의 同棲者의 數가 급격히 增加하고, 그것이 社會의 裏面으로부터 表面에 登場하게 되었기 때문에 새삼 사람들의 注目을 받게 되었던 것이다. 이와 같은 同棲의 增加에 直面하여 西歐 各國에서는 이를 어떻게 把握, 評價해서 取扱할 것인지 아직 확실한 對策을 세우지 못하고 있고, 그 法律的인 保護의 approach에 關해서도 各國마다 다른 婚姻制度를 反映하기 때문인지 아직 일정한 原則을 세울 정도에는 미치지 못하고 있다. 그러나 西洋 各國에서의 새로운 形態의 同棲는 앞으로도 高度의 産業化와 女性의 經濟的, 社會的 地位向上, 그리고 젊은 層의 性意識의 開放化 등에 비추어 더욱 增加할 것이 확실하고, 「制度로서의 結婚」에서 「契約으로서의 同棲」로 가는 趨勢는 막을 수 없는 것 같다. 한편, 우리나라에서는 契約으로서의 同棲 現象이 적은 數이나마 나타나고 있지만, 아직까지는 一般化되고 있지는 않으며 지금까지의 同棲에 관한 法律的 保護는 準婚理論에 의해서 이루어졌다. 그러나 準婚理論은 어디까지나 婚姻意思 있는 同棲者를 保護하려 (이후원문누락)