대추나무빗자루병에 관한 해부학적 연구

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate cytological and anatomical aspect of Mycoplasma in the Zizyphus jujuba Mill that are detectable with the light, flourescene and electron microscope. The symptoms induced by witches' broom disease consists of a stimulation of the growth of auxillary shoots, virescene and phyllody. Apparent Symptoms are showed large reduction in size of leaves. The hypertrophy and necrosis of parenchyma are the most striking microscopic symptoms in the phloem of older veins. The phloems were excessively developed and xylems were relatively supressed in diseased plants. In diseased material then were also a distinct flourescene from the phloem, and this was not observed in healthy plants. Mycoplasmas were detected in sieve tube from veins. Mycoplasma were not found in healthy tissues, nor were virus particle or microorganisms observed in the phloem, xylem or parenchyma of diseased tissues. The result of this study suggests a mycoplasma etiology for witches' broom disease. Spherical shaped mycoplasma bodies were frequently seen in the phloem sieve tubes in the transverse section of diseased Zizyphus jujuba Mill.;본 연구는 대추나무빗자루병에 감염된 대추나무 (Zizyphus jujuba Mill)를 경기도 안성에서 채집하여 병원체인 Mycoplasma가 기생한 식물 조직의 해부학적 관찰을 광학현미경, 형광현미경 및 전자현미경으로 하였다. 빗자루병에 걸린 나무의 잎은 크기가 작고, 과도하게 측아가 발생하여 정아우세가 파괴되었고 잎의 빛깔은 황록색을 나타냈다. 또 꽃은 잎모양으로 변태 하였다. 병에 걸린 나무의 줄기, 뿌리, 엽맥등의 재료에는 형광현미경 및 전자현미경하에서 구형의 Mycoplasma 가 관찰되었으며 엽맥 근처의 엽육에서는 조직의 괴사(necrosis)가 일어났고 체관에는 많은 Polyphenol의 축적이 있었다. 또한 유조직세포에서는 이상대비 (hypertrophy)와 이상증식(hyperplasia)이 일어났으며 세포벽의 이상비후도 관찰되었고 사부요소들의 지나친 발달과 목부요소들의 발달억제가 보였다.