Charles Edward Ives의 'violin sonata no.2'에 관한 연구

Abstract

In the early 20th century, Chrales Edward Ives(1874～1954) provided a direction for twentieth century s American music by freeing himself from the European influence, then, prevalent in the American music community. He opened a new chapter in the modern music with his unique and innovative composition technique and philosophy. Ives received no official music education. All he had was creative experiments on Orchestration and Acoustics with his father from his childhood and, a few music courses he enrolled in his college and the influence from Transcendentalism. Ives music has its own features. Popular music such as Hymn, Popular song, Fiddle music and march are cited, and innovative polytonality, polyrhythm and polytexture are used in his music. Different developments from a single theme and lots of variations, and transformation and overlapping of themes were adopted. Ives was in consistent pursuit of innovation. Since such a style of the American composer contradicted musical trends of his time, his music did not bring him public recognition. Disappointed by that, he started a new career as a businessman and made enormous social success. Even during that time, his creative activities continued through new experiments and compositions. In this regard, his creative activities were conducted isolated from the established music community. Movements of his Violin Sonata No.2 have subtitles of Autumn, In the barn and the Revival. In the first movement, theme and countermelody are constantly changed and further developed and overlapped, with a hymn ‘Autumn’ as its motive. In the second movement, rhythms from quadrill and ragtime are cited based on barn dance episode, and creative ideas about melody and rhythm are used as well. In the third movement, hymn ‘Nettleton’, similarly to the first movement, is a main motive, Differently from the first movement, however, ‘Nettleton’ dominates the whole third movement, and key changes and variations are seen for parts of violin and piano. ; 아이브스 (Charles Edward Ives, Danbury 1874.10.20 ~ New York 1954.5.19)는 20세기 초반 당시 세계 음악계의 주류였던 독일, 프랑스, 이태리, 영국을 중심으로 하는 유럽의 영향에서 벗어나 20세기 미국 음악의 이정표를 제시했을 뿐 아니라 독창적이고도 혁신적인 작곡기법으로 현대음악사에서 매우 중요한 작곡가로 평가되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 아이브스가 그만의 독특한 작품세계를 갖게 된 여러 배경들과 그의 음악의 전체적인 특징들을 소개하고, 그의 작품중 바이올린 소나타 2번을 통해 아이브스 특유의 작곡기법을 이해하고자 한다. 이 곡은 전 3악장 구성인데, 각 악장에는 각 악장마다의 분위기를 잘 설명해 주는 Autumn, In the Barn, the Revival등의 부제가 붙어있다. 또한 1악장과 3악장에서 찬송가를 동기로 하여, 주제들이 변화와 발전, 교차하며, 2악장에서는 대중음악의 리듬을 인용하기도 하는 등, 전체적으로 아이브스의 선율과 리듬에 대한 끊임없는 실험을 보여주고 있다.