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dc.contributor.author윤혜정-
dc.creator윤혜정-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T02:08:10Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T02:08:10Z-
dc.date.issued1995-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000000753-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/192312-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000000753-
dc.description.abstractInteractions between ganglioside G_M3 and GLUT1 imbedded in the membrane lipid bilayer were studied by post translational modification and fluorescence techniques. G_M3 was incorporated into the outer leaflet of erythrocyte membrane and changed shape of erythrocytes. The size of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes was decreased with incorporation of G_M3 due to the larger head group of G_M3. G_M3 increased the methylatability of erythrocyte membrane while ganglioside mixtures, mostly G_M1 and G_D1a did nor alter the methylatability. G_M3 did not alter the methylatability on ghost. Because of resealing process during the preparation, the membrane became more packed and made G_M3 insertion hard. Intrinsic tryptophan residues of GLUT1 were surrounded by a hydrophobic environment as indicated by the emission maximum of 335±3 nm. The fluorescence intensity was increased in the presence of G_M3 by 12 % at 335 nm without shifting the emission maximum. The time-resolved fluorescence decay of intrinsic tryptophan showed a long-lifetime component of 5.0 ns and a short-lifetime component of 1.5 ns, and intrusion of G_M3 into the membrane increased both lifetime components. Recovered lifetime components quenched by acrylamide were greater than that quenched by KI when G_M3 was incorporated into the lipid bilayer. Therefore, the decrease of the solvent accessibility to the intrinsic tryptophan residues upon the incorporation of G_M3 into the membrane suggests that G_M3 may affect the microenvironment of membrane lipids. Furthermore, G_M3 increased the anisotropy of the intrinsic tryptophan of GLUT1 proteoliposomes. The anisotropy of 1, 6 dipheny 1-1, 3, 5-hezatriene (DPH) -probed DMPC model membrane also increased with G_M3 incorporation. The fluorescence intensity was decreased in diabetic ghost and more in the presence of glucose. Diabetic membrane had a larger anisotropy value. This result suggests an increase in the membrane rigidity and subsequent conformational changes of GLUT1. The conformation change of GLUT1 due to G_M3 was further supported by the kinetic analyses. The transport rate of 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) increased by 20% with GM2 incorporation on the erythrocytes, while it decreased by 30% with human diabetic erythrocyte. The value of K_M was 0.55 mM for all conditions. Since the quantity of GLUT1 was not altered in the case of diabetes, G_M3 altered the environment of lipid membrane and induced the conformation of GLUT1 directing to inward facing conformation. ; 외부에서 첨가된 강글리오사이드가 적혈구막 포도당이동체의 구조와 기능을 변화시키는 것을 관찰하였다. Protein carboxy1 methyltransferase (E.C.2.1.1.77) 에 의한 포도당 이동체의 메칠화 정도, sepctrofluorometer와 time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) 방법을 이용하여 포도당이동체에 내재된 트립토판 형광변화를 측정하여 포도당 이동체의 구조 변화를 조사하였으며 그 기능은 [^3 H]-3-OMG 이동 능력으로 측정하였다. 외부에서 첨가된 G_M3는 적혈구막 이중지질층 중 바깥 층에 들어가서 적혈구의 모양을 변화시켰다. 30μM의 G_M3는 포도당의 이동체의 메칠화를 32% 증가시켰지만, G_M1과 G_D1a를 다량함유하고 있는 소뇌 gamglioside mixture의 경우 140μM 농도에서는 메칠화가 변화되지 않았다. G_M3가 적혈구막의 메칠화를 증가시켰지만 ghost의 메칠화에는 크게 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이 결과는 ghost의 막 구조가 원상태의 적혈구 막 구조보다 조밀하게 형성되어 G_M3가 삽입되지 못하여 포도당 이동체의 구조가 변화되지 않았음을 설명할 수 있다. 인지질 (DMPC)로 재구성된 인공막은 G_M3가 함께 존재할 때 그 크기가 감소하였으나 비등방성 (Anisotropy)은 증가하였다. 이 결과로부터 G_M3가 단백질이 존재하지 않는 인공막의 질서와 경직상태를 변화시킨 것을 알 수 있었다. 내재된 트립토판 형광세기가 G_M3에 의해 증가되는 현상을 관찰하므로써 인지질로 재구성된 포도당 이동체의 구조변화를 간접적으로 증명하였다. 이 트립토판들은 주위 환경에 따라 두 종류의 소멸시간(lifetime)을 가지며 특히 둘 중 소멸시간이 진 component(5 ns)가 G_M3에 의해 더 영향을 받고 있음이 관찰되었다. 이들 두 종류의 소멸시간은 소광자(quencher)에 의해 모두 감소하였으나 acrylamide의 소광은 G_M3에 의해 회복됨을 보여주었다. 당뇨병 환자의 적혈구 막의 비등방성은 정상인의 경우보다 큰 값이 관찰되었다. 내재된 트립토판의 형광세기는 정상인의 경우보다 당뇨환자의 경우 작게 나타났으며 포도당이 함께 존재하는 포도당이동체의 양은 당뇨병환자의 적혈구막에서도 감소하지 않음이 보고되었으므로 포도당 이동능력의 변화는 포도당이동체의 구조변화에서 유래되었다고 제안할 수 있다. 따라서 외부에서 첨가된 G_M3가 적혈구막에 삽입되어 그 막에 존재하는 포도당이동체의 구조를 변화시키고 포도당을 세포내로 이동시키는 모양을 유지하게 하므로써 포도당 이동체의 기능의 향상되었음을 증명하였다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCTION 1. The Glucose Transporter Family ------------------------------------ 1 2. GLUT1:The Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter ------------------------- 3 3. Methylation by Protein Carboxy1 Methyltransferase ----------------- 9 4. Effect of Ganglioside on Biological Membrane ---------------------- 12 5. The purpose of Studies -------------------------------------------- 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Materials --------------------------------------------------------- 16 2. Preparation of Erythrocyte ---------------------------------------- 16 3. Purification of Protein Carboxyl Methyltransferase ---------------- 17 4. Purification of GLUT1 --------------------------------------------- 17 5. Western Blot Analysis --------------------------------------------- 19 6. Assays of Protein carboxy1 Methyltransferase and Methylatability. - 20 7. Scanning Electron Microscopy -------------------------------------- 21 8. construction of DMPC Model Membrane ------------------------------- 22 9. Size Determination analysis of DMPC Model Membrane ---------------- 22 10. Steady-State and Anisotropy Measurements ------------------------- 23 11. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements -------------------------- 24 12. Assays of [^3 H]-3-OMG Transport by Human Erythrocytes ----------- 25 RESULTS 1. G_M3 Incorporation into Erythrocyte Membrane ---------------------- 27 2. Effect of G_M3 on DMPC Model Membrane ----------------------------- 29 2.1. Size Determination of DMPC Model Membrane ---------------------- 29 2.2. Steady-State Fluorescence and Anisotropy Measurements ---------- 29 3. Effect of G_M3 on erythrocyte Membrane Protein Methylatability ---- 34 3.1. Purification of Protein Carboxyl Methyltransferase ------------- 34 3.2. Assays of Methylatability -------------------------------------- 34 4. Effect of G_M3 on GLUT1-Proteoliposomes --------------------------- 39 4.1. Purification of GLUT1 ------------------------------------------ 39 4.2. Steady-State Fluorescence and Anisotropy Measurements ---------- 39 4.3. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements ------------------------ 45 4.4. Assays of 3-OMG Transport by Human Erythrocytes ---------------- 52 5. Diabetic Erythrocyte Membrane ------------------------------------- 64 5.1. Assays of 3-OMG Transport on Human Diabetic Erythrocytes ------- 64 5.2. Steady-State Fluorescence and Anisotropy Measurement of diabetic ghost ------------------------------------------------- 64 5.3. Assays of Methylatability -------------------------------------- 67 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION 1. G_M3 Incorporation By Erythrocyte Membrane ------------------------ 73 2. Effect of G_M3 on DMPC Model Membrane ----------------------------- 74 3. Effect of G_M3 on Methylatability --------------------------------- 75 4. Effect of G_M3 on GLUT1-Proteoliposomes --------------------------- 76 5. Diabetic Erythrocyte Membrane ------------------------------------- 80 6. Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------- 82 REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------ 83 국문초록 -------------------------------------------------------------- 91-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3905677 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleEffect of ganglioside GM3 on the structure and function of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter (GLUT1)-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 화학과-
dc.date.awarded1995. 8-
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