女性의 性性(Sexuality)을 中心으로 본 買賣春政策에 關한 硏究

Abstract

This dissertation is a study of Korean welfare policies centering on women's sexuality. The nature and characteristics of women's welfare policies in Korea are studied through the analysis of the prostitution policies. Hence the attempts are made to clarify the structure of the welfare policies affection women. The analysis for this purpose covers the period from the independence of Korea in 1945 to the present. Formation and development of the institional underpinnings of the policies are examined. The welfare policies are also categorized based on their objectives. The nature and characteristics of each law providing the basis for the policies are looted at with the focus on the laws basic to the prostitution policies. Thus the emphasis is placed on the policies on policies pertinent to Women's Sexuality. For the purpose of analysis, I took the approach/perspective of welfare feminism based on the theories of D. Dahlerup. The First task was to categorize the Institutional Systems of Korean Social Welfare system relevant to women. The second step was to evaluate and analyses of the polices ; 「 The motherhood policies 」, and 「 policies related to prostitution 」. To de this, the content of this study is structured as follows ; In chapter Ⅰ. Introduction In chapter Ⅱ. Theoretical perspectives and analytical frame. In chapter Ⅲ. Policies relates to prostitution A. The Institutional system of Korean Social Welfare pertinent to women. B. Analyses of prostitution policy 1. Analysis of the law related to the prostitution policy Anti-prostitution Law. (1961. 11. 19) 2. Tourist Industry Promotion Law. (1961. 8. 22) In chapter Ⅳ. Conclusion The results of these literature reviews and analysis on Korean welfare policies pertinent to women can be summarized as follows ; 1. The policies on women can be broadly categorized into two groups : These can be designated 「 policies related to Labor of Women 」and 「 policies related to Sexuality of Women 」 Former is centered around the productive and reproductive capacity and activity of women. The latter is centered around the activities of women deriving from their sexuality. 2. In this dissertation writer/researcher focused on「 the policies related to women's sexuality 」 Therefore, the policies pertinent to Sexuality in turn can be categorized into two groups ; One is 「Motherhood policies 」 tied to the reproductive capacities of women, and the other is 「 Prostitution policies 」associated with commercialization of sex. 3. The State aims at protecting or encouraging some activities of women and forbidding or suppressing some others. For this purpose State formulates basic legislations for implementation of the policies. Under 「 Motherhood policies 」 there are the motherhood protection policies based on 「 Mother-Child Protection Act 」 (1986. 5. 10), which are targeted towards the general female population and there are ether motherhood protection policies based on 「 Equal Employment Opportunity Acts 」(1987. 12. 4) targeted towards working women. 4. 「Prostitution policies 」 can be distinguished into the suppressive measures based on 「 Prevention of Immorality Acts/Anti-Prostitution Law 」 (1969. 11. 19) and into the permissive measures based on 「 Tourist Industry Promotion Acts 」 (1961. 8. 22). 5. Based on the analysis of the underlying acts, it is clear that these policies are determined by the interplay of conflicts and alliances among State, patriarchy, capital, and women. 6. In case of motherhood policies, while the interests of women are protected by 「 Mother-child Protection Acts 」. Another aspects of the policies is revealed through crimination of abortion which promotes the interests of patriarchy and State of the sacrifice of those of women. 7. With respect to the motherhood protection clauses stipulated in 「 Equal Employment, Opportunity Acts 」, the ideas of ' protection ' and ' equality ' are conceived free the perspectives of State and Patriarchy as opposed to those of women. 8. It is manifested most clearly in the policies an prostitution that the interests of State, Patriarchy, and Capital predominate over those of women since these policies conduce to commercialization and exploitation of Women's Sexuality. 9. The state controls the sexuality of women by encouraging or suppressing it through the concepts of nomalcy and deviancy contained in its Criminal Laws. 10. Legal selectivity gives priority to the interests of patriarchy and capital. In sum, women's lives and activities are controlled by the social welfare policies on women. Especially policies pertinent to women's sexuality suppress and exploit women's sexuality for the sake of capital and patriarchy. And society gives the double standard of sexuality norm to control women. Hence, the objectives of the study are done by discovering the content, motive and background of the Korean welfare polices on women and evaluating these policies critically. In reiterating the objective of the study, the significance of this work lies in that the analysis of the State's welfare policies on women may reveal that State need not be simply the mechanism of suppression for women but can be made to be a condition for the promotion of status and welfare of women. Furthermore, in the pest-capitalistic society where the need for the intervention of state can be increasingly felt, the state can be guides to assume more active and ideal role to realize the true welfare for women, and for all.;本 考는 女性의 性性(Sexuality)를 中心으로 본 買賣春 政策에 關한 硏究이다. 즉. 買賣春 政策의 關聯法規인 「淪落行爲等 防止法」과 「觀光産業振興法」을 分析해 봄으로써, 韓國의 女性關聯福祉政策의 傾向과 本質을 把握해 보며, 아울러 韓國의 女性福祉制度라는 具體的인 脈絡속에서, 買賣春政策의 位置를 構造化 해 보려는 試圖이다. 이러한 目的을 위하여, 本 考는 Ⅲ. A.에서 韓國의 女性關聯 社會福祉政策의 制度的 構成을 解放以後부터 지금까지 形成·發展되어온 흐름을 考察하고, 이를 政策의 特性 別로 分類 해 보며, Ⅲ.B.에서는 買賣春 政策의 關聯法規인 「淪落行爲等 防止法」과 「觀光事業振興法」을 分析해 본다. 이렇게 展開된 硏究의 構成은 다음과 같다. Ⅰ. 序論 Ⅱ. 視覺 및 分析 틀 Ⅲ. 買賣春 政策 Ⅳ. 結論 本 考 筆者가 意圖한 硏究의 中心主題는 第Ⅲ章 A節과 第Ⅲ章 B節에 있다. Ⅲ.A에서는 韓國의 女性關聯 社會福祉政策의 制度的 構成을 나름대로 構造化 해 보며, Ⅲ.B에서는 買賣春政策의 關聯法規의 性格을 糾明해 본다. 이를 위해 第Ⅱ章에서는 Ⅱ.A.1. 女性福祉와 Ⅱ.A.2. 女性福祉政策과 法(保護와 規制, 選擇과 排除)에 대한 視覺이 紹介되고, Ⅱ.B.에서는 分析 틀로서 D.Dahlerup의 論議 -資本·家父長·國家·女性의 理解라는 批判的 分析- 가 採擇되었다. 즉, 女性福祉政策의 形成과 移行過程에는 資本·家父長·國家·女性이라는 네 側面의 利害關係가 力動的으로 作用한다는 것이 分析의 出發點이다. 이렇게 하여 硏究된 結論은 다음과 같이 要約된다. 1. 韓國 女性關係 社會福祉政策은 「女性의 勞動」과 「女性의 Sexuality」를 中心으로 構成되어진다. 즉, 「女性勞動政策」과 「女性의 Sexuality에 關聯된 政策」이라 칭할 수 있다. 2, 勞動과 Sexuality에 關聯된 政策 中에서「 女性의 Sexuality와 關聯된 政策」을 보면, 이는 一般女性에 대한 母性保護政策으로서의 「母子保護法」과 就業女性을 對象으로 하는 「男女雇傭平等法」 등이 있다. 3. 買賣春政策으로서는 買賣春禁止(裁制) 措置라 할 수 있는「淪落行爲等 防止法」과 買賣春 許容(奬勵)措置라 할 수 있는「觀光事業振興法」이 있다. 4.「淪落行爲等 防止法」과 「觀光事業振興法」을 D. Dahlerup의 理論에 따라 分析해 보면, 모두 資本·家父長·國家·女性의 理解가 相互 葛藤·聯合하면서, 尖銳하게 나타난다. 5. 「淪落行爲等 防止法」과 「觀光事業振興法」은 모두 資本·家父長·國家의 理解가 前提되어 있으며, 이로 인해 女性의 理解가 가장 侵害되고 있으며, 性의 商品化·道具化가 가장 克明하게 드러나는 法規로 밝혀졌다. 6. 政策과 關聯된 根據法을 통해서 國家는 女性의 Sexuality를 正常 혹은 逸脫로 規定함으로써 女性의 總體적인 삶을 統制해 나간다. 7. 女性의 Sexuality와 關聯된 正常 혹은 逸脫의 選擇性(Sexuality)에는 資本과 家父長의 理解가 前提된다. 8. 國家가 어느 入場의 理解를 前提하는가에 따라서 政策의 槪念이 定해진다. 以上에서 買賣春 政策을 살펴봄으로써 韓國의 女性關聯福祉政策의 特性을 糾明해보고자 하였다. 이같은 硏究는 국가를 單純히 女性抑壓的 道具로써 規定짓고자 하는데 있는 것이 아니며, 오히려 國家의 介入이 增大되는 後期資本主義 社會에 있어서, 女性의 利益과 福祉社會 具顯을 위하여 積極的인 行爲體로서의 國家의 役割에 關心을 增大시키는데 目的이 있다. 아울러 女性問題의 解決과 女性의 人間化를 위하여 福祉機構의 制度的 裝置化의 必要性을 增大시키고, 나아가 女性에 초점을 맞춰 女性中心 視覺에서의 硏究의 活性化를 불러 일으키는데 그 意義를 갖는다.