梁啓超의 文學革命運動 硏究

Abstract

梁啓超(1873-1929)는 淸末 變法維新運動의 대표자이고 文學革命運動의 추진자이기도 하다. 梁啓超의 文學革命運動은 中國의 傳統文學이 現代文學으로 옮겨가는 전환기를 차지하기 때문에 文學史上에 있어서의 意義는 매우 크다. 그러나 文學革命運動의 중요한 몇 가지 문제에 있어서 아직도 학자들의 의견이 분분하다. 그것은 文學革命運動의 시기와 文學革命運動의 주도인물, 梁啓超와 文學革命과의 관계, 文學革命運動의 성격, 文學革命運動의 意義 등에 관한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 梁啓超의 文學革命運動의 진행과정을 분야별로 고찰하여 이상의 문제를 분명히 하였다. 淸末 文學革命運動은 梁啓超가 日本에 亡命한 이후에 시작되었으며 그가 革命과 대립적인 입장에 서게 되는 1906년에 끝을 맺었다. 文學革命運動은 주로 梁啓超 一人에 의하여 진행되었다. 黃遵憲(1848-1905), 夏曾佑(1863-1929), 譚嗣同(1865-1898)은 단지 참여자일뿐이다. 革命은 梁啓超만이 주장하였고, 다른 사람은 革命의 槪念은 없이 改革을 주장한 것이다. 梁啓超의 革命論은 詩와 小說에 있어서만 두드러진다. 散文과 戱曲에 있어서는 革命이라 하기 어려운 점이 있다. 梁啓超은 약 6-7년이라는 짧은 기간에 文學革命運動을 전개하였고, 또 中國 傳統文學을 바탕으로 하는 革命을 제창하였다. 따라서 그는 內容에서 形式까지 철저한 革命을 하지 못했다는 한계점을 지니고 있다. 그러나 梁啓超의 文學革命運動은 中國의 古典文學이 現代文學으로 옮겨가는 전환점이라는 점에서 그 영향을 작게만 평가할 수는 없는 것이다.;At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Liang Qi-Chao(梁啓超) was a representator of Political Renovation Movement and also was a powerful driver of Literary Revolution Movement. The meaning of his Literary Revolution Movement was very significant in the view of the History of Chinese Literature, so many scholars already have studied on this field. But up to now there have been many various opinions among scholars about the important subjects of Literary Revolution Movement. First, when did the Literary Revolution Movement begin and when did it conclude. Second, what, is the relation and meaning of Literary Revolution Movement. Third, who was the leader of these Movement. Forth, what is the character of Literary revolution Movement. In this paper I studied carefully the process of Literary Revolution Movement, and try to resolve above mentioned problems. In the end I found that this Movement started when Liang Qi-chao exiled himself to Japan on 1898 and ended on 1906 when he changed opposing position to revolution. The Literary Revolution Movement were mainly maintained by Liang Qi-Chao one person. Though the Writers like Huang Zun-Xian(黃遵憲), Xia zeng-you(夏曾佑), Tan Si-Tong(譚嗣同) tried to reform Chinese Traditional Literature before Liang-Qi chao, but When Liang-Qi Chao drived literary Revolution Movement, they simply followed him, and they had no conception of revolution. The Liane-Qi Chao's revolutionary theory was prominent in poetry and novels. But on the field of prose and drama, his views and works were not so through as a revolution. Liang-Qi Chao maintained the Literary Revolution Movement approximately 6 or 7 years. So we can say that his Literary Revolution Movement was not complete, and he had many limits as a revolution leader, and there were many deffects on his views of the revolution. But he put the great influence on the development of the Modern Chinese Literature. I conclude that we have to give Liang-Qi Chao much more great estimate to his role on the Modern History of Chinese Literature.