自發的인 接近方法에 의한 自我槪念의 一硏究

Abstract

本硏究의 目的은 첫째, 自我槪念을 종래의 reactive method 대신 MoGuire가 試圖한 spontaneous approaoh를 使用하여 調査·분석해 보려는 것이고 둘째, 恩春期의 自我槪念을 發達的인 側面에서 測定하여 特定理論에 국한시키지 않고 그 構造 및 內容面에서 어떻게 變化하는지를 考察해 보려는 것이다. 本硏究에서 檢討하고자 하는 問題는 具體的으로 다음과 같다. 1. spontaneous self concept의 內容은 어떠한 것인가? 2. 發達的인 側面을 考慮한 恩春期 自我槪念의 構造上 特徵은 어떠한 것인가? 3. 自我槪念의 subcategory는 性別 學年別로 볼 때 어떠한 頃向性을 갖는가? 4. 國民學校 6學年의 경우 McGuire의 硏究와 本 硏究의 結果를 比較해 보면 어떠한 差異가 있는가? 이를 위해 本硏究는 國民學校 5, 6學年과 中學校 1, 2, 3學年 각기 두 學年씩을 標集하여 McGuire가 試圖한 硏究方法 및 節次에 따라 調査하여 內容分析한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 思春期 spontaneous self concept의 內容은 「自身의 活動」 (취미, 오락, 스포츠, 일과, 즐긴곳, 재주, TV, 책, 직업, 기타경험), 「主要人物」( 가족, 친구, 애완동물, 교사, 주위인물, 부모의 직업·성격·학력, 가족관계), 「學校(敎師除外)」, 「人的事項」(생년월일, 이름, 거주지, 출생지, 건강, 성별, 인종, 종교, 형제수, 혈액형), 「自己評價」「도덕적, 신체적, 지적, 정서적, 의지적, 경제적, 행동, 성격, 존재, 대인관계, 준거체제, 정신위생, 가정생활, 예능, 용모, 글씨, 이름, 운동),「身體特徵(체중, 신장, 머리색, 눈색)」, 「태도」(好惡, 희망) 등이다. 2. 思春期 自發的인 自我槪念을 構造面에서 보면 「自已評價」가 53.6％, 「態度」가 20.0％, 「主要人物」이 10.9％, 「自身의 活動」이 6.1％, 「學敎」가 3.0％, 「人的事項」이 2.4％, 「身體特徵」이 0.4％의 順位로 나타났고 「其他」는 自我槪念외 內容으로 볼 수 없는 特異한 反應(idiosyncratic reaction)인데 3.6％로 나타났다. 3. 思春期를 前期(國民學校 5,6學年)와 後期(中學校 2,3學年)로 나누어 自發的인 自我槪念의 發達的 傾向을 보면 「自身의 活動」,「主要人物」, 「態度」는 현저하게 減少하고 (p＜0.01), 「自已評價」는 현저하게 增加하는 (p＜0.01) 頃向이 있고, 「學校」, 「人的事項」, 「身體特徵」은 意味있는 變化가 없다. 4. McGuire가 硏究한 美國 國民學校 6學年과 本 硏究의 結果인 韓國 國民學校 6學年의 自發的인 自我槪念을 比較해 볼 때, 가장 현저한 差異는 美國 學生의 경우는 「自身의 活動」(24％)이, 그리고 韓國 學生은 「自已評價」(41.2％)가 가장 높게 나타났다.;The purpose of this study is as follows: First : An attempt to investigate and analyze the self-concept through the spontaneous approach that McGuire tried instead of reactive method which has been already established. Second : An intention to investigate the structure and content of pubescent self-concept in terms of developmental aspects without regard to any single theory. Under this consideration, the following problems have been investigated. 1. What are the contents of spontaneous self-concept? 2. what are the characteristics of the pubescent self-concept in view of developmental aspects? 3. What are the trends in the subcategory of self-concept by sex and grade? 4. What is the difference between the result of McGuire's study and that of this one in case of six-grade-children of elementary school. To reach a conclusion, the writer treated five and six- grade-children of elementary school and whole-grade-students of middle school with two classes each, and came to a conclusion according to McGuire is method and procedure. 1. The contents of pubescent spontaneous self-concept are as various as following. 「Own Activities」(hobbies·amusement, sports, daily schedule, place lived, skills, T.V., books, job, miscellaneous experiences) 「Significant Others」(family, friends , pets, teachers, public figures, parent's occupation·personality and educational level, family relations)「Attitude」(like and dislike, wish) 「 School (except teachers)」 「Denographic」(age and birthdate, name, residence, birth-place, health, sex, race, religion, number of brothers, blood types) 「Self-evaluation」(moral, physical, intellectual, emotional, will powerr, economic, behavior, character, existence, personal relations, mental hygiene, family life, artistic, appearance, writing, name, exercise) 「Physical Characteristics (haircolor, weight, height, eyecolor)」 2. The structure of the pubescent spontaneous self-concept is as follows. 「Self-evaluation」(53.6％), 「Attitude」(20.0％), 「Significant Others」(10.％), 「Own activities」(6.1％), 「School」(3.0％), 「Demographic」(2.4％), 「Physical characteristics」(0.4％), and others that are not the contents of self-concept with idiosyncratic reaction show 3.6％. 3. The developmental tendency of self-concept in each group (elementary school children and middle school students), 「own Activities」, 「Significant Others」 and 「Attitude」 remarkably decreased (P＜0.01). And 「self-evaluation」 notably increased (P＜0.01) while 「School」 「Demographic」 and 「Physical」 Characteristics」 are not meaningfully changeable. 4. The most outstanding differnce of spontaneous self-concept between six-grads-children in the U.S. whom McGuire treated and those in Korea whom the writer did is that 「Own Activities」(41.2％) was highly revealed in former case are 「Self-evaluation」(24％) in later one.