湖岩 文一平 史學의 一硏究

Abstract

This thesis is intended to examine the historical perception of Moon, Il-pyung (pen name-Hoahm) who was actively participated in the late Yi Dynasty era of Korea and the Japanese imperialistic age as a historian of nationalism and his position on the part of historical science. Moon, Il-pyung was indeed a genuine historian of nationalism who concentrated his energies on the study of history while devoting himself as a national educator, a journalist as well as an anti-Japanese independence movement leader. In the "Korean spirit", "Korean science (leaning)" and "Anti-colonial historical science" which was formed of the foundation of historical perception by Moon, Il-pyung, these were laid emphasis on the people and were coped with the historical science of colony as the subject of historical development. In the studies of Korean history by Moon, Il-pyung, the social reformation that was attempted overthrow the social strata of the Koryo era and the Yi Dynasty era of Korea was emphasized on the fact which was led by the people, and in the study on the 1930th among the social reformative movements, a series of attention were paid on "Revolting sons", and through grasping the resistance counsciousness of their behaviors as the main motive power for the development of Korean history, a study was made as an attempt to reilluminate the role and its phase of the alienated group by the people faction who were sunken in a traditional historical science. Together with these elements an examination was made to grope for Moon, Il-pyung's "international concept" that was laid emphasis on "the theory of international insight". He first dealt with the then international concept for premodern ancient society and the Koryo society, and then he further made an assertion on the fact that statesmen should be equiped with cool-headed and realistic international insight while touching upon the foreign policy of Korea and the penetration of foreign power unfolded among the international realities which were then revealed to be an advance to the Orient by Western powers in the Late half of the 19th century and thus they should make a correct Judgement towards the circumferential situation around Korea, and he criticized the statesmen's reliance diplomacy in foreign relations and their ignorance for international situation as well. In conclusion, the characteristic of Moon, Il-pyung's historical science and his position on the part of historical science can be summarized as follows : He attempted to newly realize the Korean history with laying emphasis on excavating the people's capability that was sunken in the premodern historical science centered on political history as the subject of historical development. Also, with the arrival of Moon, Il-pyung, the methodology of premodern historical science which was stressed on the nation and the general public presented by Shin, Cae-ho (pen name-Danjae) has been more systemized, and in particular, he further developed the "history of struggle" by Danjae and thus reassessed the alienated group in the process of internal development of Korean history and the people's resistance as the main generating force of historical development. Coupled with these facts, from the standpoint of coonecting the Korean history with the World history and its related perception, it can be interpreted that the position the part of historical science by Hoahm-Moon, IlPyung was the process which was more highly developed than the historical perception of Korean premodern historical science and its methodology provided in, the Danjae's historical science. Therefore, from the view of the fact that such a his historical science has criticized and received social, economic historical science and positivistic historical science and has been succeeded by Sohn, Jin-tae of his junior scholoar, it could be worthwhile to assume that the significance of historical science may be discovered.;本 論文은 舊韓末 및 日帝時期에 걸쳐 民族主義史學者로서 활약한 湖岩 文一平의 歷史認識과 史學史上의 位置를 살펴 보고자 한 것이다. 文一平은 민족교육자, 언론인 그리고 항일 독립운동가로서 활동하면서 역사연구에 주력했던 民族主義史學者였다. 文一平의 歷史認識의 기초를 이루고 있는 「朝鮮心」과 「朝鮮學」및 反植民史學에서는 역사발전의 주체로서 民衆을 중시하였고, 식민사학에 대응하였음을 論하였다. 文一平의 韓國史 認識에 있어서, 1920년 대에는 高麗, 朝鮮時代의 계층사회를 타파하고자 했던 사회변혁이 民衆들에 의해 주도된 점을 강조했으며 이러한 사회변혁 움직임속에서의 1930년대의 연구에서는 「叛逆兒」에 주목하고 이들의 抵抗의식을 韓國史발전의 일대 원동력으로 파악하여 전통사학에서 함몰되었던 民衆파 소외집단의 역할과 그 위상을 재조명코자 시도하였음을 論했다. 이와함께 「國際眼」論을 중심으로 한 文一平의 國際觀을 살펴보았다. 그는 먼저 近代以前의 古代社會 및 高麗社會에 있어서의 國際觀을 論한 다음, 19세기 후반의 서구열강들의 동양진출이라는 국제현실속에서 전개되는 외세침투와 韓國의 對外정책을 논하면서 爲政者들은 냉철하고도 현실적인 「國際限」을 갖추어야 하며 한국을 둘러싼 주변정세에 대해 정확한 판단을 할수 있어야만 國家를 보존 할 수 있다는 점을 강조하고 對外관계에 있어서, 依他的외교와 爲政者들의 국제적정세에 대한 無知를 비판한 점을 論하였다. 결론적으로 말하자면 文一平史學의 특징과 史學史的 位置는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있을 것이다. 그는 역사발전의 주체로서 정치사 중심의 전근대역사학에서 함몰되어왔던 民衆의 역량을 발굴, 중시하여 韓國史를 새롭게 認識코자 시도하였다. 또한 文一平에 이르러서는 丹齊 申采浩에서 제시된 국가·민족·민중중심의 근대역사학의 방법론이 보다 체계화되었고, 특히 그는 丹齊의 '투쟁의역사'를 발전시켜 한국사 내적 발전과정에서의 소외집단과 민중들의 저항을 역사발전의 원동력으로까지 재평가하려한점, 그리고 한국사를 世界史와 연결시켜 인식하고 있는 점, 등을 통해볼 때, 湖岩 文一平의 史學史上의 위치는 丹齊史學에선 마련된 한국근대역사학의 역사인식과 방법론이 보다 발전 되어간 과정이었다고 할 수 있겠다. 이러한 그의 史學은 社會經濟史學과 實證主義史學을 비판수용하고, 後代의 孫晋泰에 계승되어 지고 있었다는 점에서 史學史的 位置를 찾아볼 수 있다고 생각된다.