水原市 路店商에 관한 地理學的 硏究

Abstract

70年代以後 開發途上國의 都市非公式部門에 관한 地理學硏究는 構造的 觀點에서 다양한 形態로 나타나는 現象을 地域的 次元에서 설명하려는 시도가 나타나고 있다. 本 硏究는 이러한 점에서 立脚하여 水原市 路店商에 관한 空間的, 立地的 特性 및 經濟的 特性을 살펴보았으며, 形成過程과 居住特性을 把握하였다. 路店商의 立地는 公共市場, 中心商業地域, 交通의 結節點등에 밀집분포하며 隣接地域의 土地利用패턴과 밀접한 관련을 맺으면서 발달해왔다. 대다수의 路店商이 固定된 場所에서 영업하고 있으며 특히 지역별로 형성된 商友會 組織을 통해 路店商의 增加抑制 및 增加로 인한 問題들을 자체적으로 解決하므로서 自求策을 마련, 地域的으로 保守化되고 勁直性을 띄고 있다. 따라서 주요간선도로변을 제외하면 1일 立地移動은 극히 제한되어 있으며 그 移動形態도 매우 消極的이다. 大部分의 路店商이 非加工食品類를 取扱하므로서 水原市 食料品 流通에 一翼을 擔當하고 있는데, 이들중 相當數는 隣近農村地域 住民들에 의해 形成되는 一時的인 路店商으로 이들은 계절적, 시기적으로 매우 流動的이다. 路店商의 經濟的 特性은 低資本, 低所得, 個人이나 家族單位의 運營, 길고 不規則한 營業時間等 非公式部門의 特性을 띠고 있다. 이들은 주로 小賣機能을 遂行하는데, 食品類는 주로 水原市에서 商品을 購入하는 반면 工産品類는 대다수가 서울시에서 購入하고 있어 工産品類를 取扱하는 路店商은 水原-서울을 連結시키는 훨씬 폭넓은 市場網을 形成하고 있다. 한편 路店商人들의 流入過程을 보면 서울市, 水原市와 그 근린지역 및 원근각지의 도시민들의 直接移動이나 都市指向性 段階移動을 거쳐 水原市로 流入되는 것으로 나타나고 있어 路店商의 主要 유입권 형성에 距離(또는 交通條件)와 都市規模가 重要한 影響을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이들은 比較的 最近에 流入된 移住者가 많으며, 대개 經濟的動機에 의해 家口單位로 流入되고 있으나 流入前보다 오히려 職業的 多樣性이 줄었고, 職業評價面에서도 下向移動한 경우가 많다. 특히 과반수이상의 移住者들이 路店商을 염두에 두고 流入된 것으로 나타나는데, 이 境遇 相當數가 水原市 流入動機中 하나로 匿名性을 들고 있어 路店商의 分布와 空間移動에 確率的 解釋이 可能함을 시사하는 同時에 약간의 誘引動機가 現實的으로 空間移動決定에 相當히 重要한 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 路店商人은 人口學的으로 여성종사자가 많으며 大部分 30~60세의 經濟活動이 활발한 年齡層으로 學歷水準이 매우 낮다. 路店商人들의 居住地는 地域의 落後程度와는 상관없이 勞動空間에 매우 隣接 해 있어 接近性이 居住地 입지에 가장 重要한 影響을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 있으며 한편, 住宅所有形態나 사용방수등 居住環境은 매우 落後된 것으로 나타난다.;Since 1970, the study of geography concerning on urban informal sector structually has tried to explain the various phenomena in the regional demension. The purpose of this study will take a, look at the hawker units for not only their spacial and locational features but also their process of development and economic features. And this study will also screen out the formative process of hawkers through the points of hawkers' migration process and demographic aspects and the residential features. The hawkers clustered in public marketplace, C.B.D. and nodal points. And they have developed in relation to the land-use pattern of the sorrounding areas. The location of hawker operations settled from mobile to static. They become to be conservative and rigid by solving the problems caused by the increas of hawkers and the suppression of increase of hawkers through the regional organization for their mutual benefits by themselves. Except for the sides of ,main streets the hawkers, therefore, were extremely limited in the moving for one day. And they are also very passive to the moving. Almost all hawkers play a role for the distribution of food commodities in Suweon city by selling the non-processed food commodities, but some of the hawkers are the rural residents who are very temporary by season and time. The economic aspects of the hawker operations are usually characterized in the informal sectors such as small capital, low income, one person or family ownership and long and irregular hours of business. As the hawkers mostly do the roles of retailing, they buy food commodities in Suweon city, while purchasing the industrial commodities in Seoul. So, the hawker units selling the industrial commodities from a much wider range of the marketing networks combined Suweon to Seoul. On the other hand, the migration of hawkers is proved to the direct form Suweon, the suburbs of Suweon and Seoul and the step-migration caused by the preference of the urban. From these points, we can know that the distance(or traffic conditions) and the size of the city are the major influencers on the formation of inflowing areas. Recent inflowed hawkers show a relatively large portion and have come into by the household unit mostly due to the economic motives. But, there are many cases for the hawkers to be rather limited in the variety of occupation than before the inflowing and to be shifted toward down in the eva-luational aspect of jobs. Especially, it is appeared that over the half of the movers already considered of becoming the hawkers. In this case, the majority of them answer one of the main motives of the migrating the anonymous, which not only presents the possible probaility interpretation on hawkers but also concludes that the motives play a considerably determinant role for the spacial movement in reality. Demographically, there are more female hawkers than male and 30 years to 60 years who are vivid in economic activities and low in the schooling. As the residential areas of hawkers are close to the working space regardless of the urbanization of that area, the closeness has an important influence on deciding the location of the residential area eventhough the living conditions such as types of house ownership or the number of rooms show a far too below.