道德性 發達에 미치는 父母 및 同僚集團의 影響

Abstract

The present study is to examine the influence of parents and peer group upon the children's moral development. Parents and peer groups are the objects with whom the children spend most of their time. Theoretically, it has been fully demonstrated that their role as agents of socialization including moral development is immense. Under this consideration, the following problems have been investigated in this study: 1) As compared with Kohlberg's moral development theory, what is the real state of moral development level of the Korean children and adolescents? 2) What kind of relationship exists between the moral development level of the children and that of their parents? 3) What kind of relationship Is there between the moral development level of the children and that of their peer group? Futhermore, is there any relationship between the children's moral development level sad the popularity level in their peer group? For this. an examination was conducted with 55 second graders (7, 8-year-old), 52 fifth graders (10, 11-year-old) of a primary school, and 53 second graders (13, 14-year-old) of a middle school. As the measurement tool of the moral development level, four moral dilemma stories of Kohlberg's were used. The 7, 8-year-old subjects were interviewed individual1y, while the others were made to answer for a questionnaire. To measure the moral development level of their mother# the same measurement tool was used for them. The results are af follous: 1) The differences of the moral development level between the age groups were highly significant (X^(2)=98.05. df=6, p＜.001). In detail, the 7fe-year-old children were on the Preconventional level. While the 10, 11-year-old children were under the moving stage from the Preconventional level to the Conventional level, the most of the 13, 14-year-old adolescents have already been transfered to the Conventional level. 2) The moral development level of the Korean adolescents was in accordance with that of the U.S.A. adolescents among the Kohlberg's subjects : Being different from the U.S.A. adolescents, however, no one of the Korean adolescents was on the Postconventional level. 3) There was no significant relationship between the moral development level of the children and that of their parents. 4) There was insignificant similarity between the moral judgment of the children and that of their peer group: 7, 9-year-old; r=.1918 (p＜.08), 10, 11-year-old; r=-.0523 (p＜.40), 13, 14-year-old; r=.1451 (p＜.20). 5) A strong relationship was found between the moral development level of the children and the popularity level in the peer group (7, 8-year-old; X^(2)=4.27, df=2, p＜.10, 10, 11-year-old; X^(2)=9.73, df=2, p＜.01, 13, 14-year-old; X^(2)=25.38, df=2. p＜.001). That is, high popularity-level-group showed high moral development, level. Therefore, the shove results showed that identification with the peer can not be suggested as there was no similarity between the moral development level of the children and that of the peer group. On the other hand, judging from the fact that high popularity-level-group was also high on the moral development level, it is reasonable to account for the children's moral development by the cognitive theory of Piaget and Kohlberg. Thus, the present study implies the necessity, to make the children's moral development level higher, of the further studies about the factors related to the level of peer acceptance.;本 硏究는 兒童의 道德性 發達에 미치는 父母 및 同僚集團의 影響을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 父母와 同僚集團은 兒童이 가장 많이 接觸을 하는 對象이므로, 道德性 發達을 包含하는 社會化의 代理人으로써의 役割이 至大하다는 것은 理論的으로도 充分히 입정되어 온 바이다. 따라서 本 硏究에서 檢討해보고자 하는 問題는 具體的으로 다음과 같다. 1.우리나라 兒童 및 靑少年의 道德性 發達水準은 Kohlberg의 道德性 發達理論에 비추어 볼 때 어떠한 水準에 있는가? 2. 兒童의 道德性 發達水準과 父母의 道德性發達水準間에는 어떠한 關係가 있는가? 3. 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 同僚集團의 道德性發達水準間에는 어떠한 關係가 있는가? 그리고 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 同僚集團內에서의 知名度(popularity Level)間에는 어떠한 關係가 있는가? 上記한 問題를 糾明해 보기 위해서, 55名의 國民學校 2學年生(7, 8才), 52名의 國民學校 5學年生(10, 11才), 그리고 53名의 中學校 2學年生(13, 14才)이 被驗者가 되었다. 道德性發達水準의 測定道具로서는 Kohlberh의 道德的 딜레머 이야기 中에서 4個를 選擇하여 使用하였으며 7, 8才 兒童에게는 面接을 實施하였고 나머지 被檢者는 質問紙에 答하게 하였다. 또한 父母의 道德性發達水準을 測定하기 위해서 같은 測定道具를 父母에게도 使用하였다. 얻어진 資料를 分析하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 우리나라 兒童 및 靑少年의 道德性發達水準은 年齡間에 뚜렷한 差異를 나타내었다.(χ^(2)= 98.05, df=6, P＜.001). 즉, 7, 8才 兒童集團은 因習以前 水準에 있고, 10, 11才 兒童集團은 大部分이 因習水準으로 移行하였다. 2. 우리나라 靑少年의 道德性發達水準은 Kohlberg의 調査對象 中에서 美國 兒童의 水準과 一致하였으나, 그들과는 달리 因習以前水準이 전혀 나타나지 않았따. 3. 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 父母의 道德性發達水準間에는 意味있는 相關이 없었다. 4. 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 同僚集團의 道德性發達水準間에는 7, 8才 兒童은 r=.1928(P＜.08), 10, 11才 兒童은 r=-.0523(P＜.40), 그리고 13, 14才 兒童은 r=.1451(P＜.2.0)로써 兩者間의 道德性判斷의 類似性은 微弱했다. 5. 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 同僚集團에서의 知名度(Popularity Level)間에는 密接한 關係가 있었다. ( 7, 8才: χ^(2)=4.27, df=2, P＜.10, 10, 11才: x^(2)=9.73, df=2, P＜.01, 13, 14才: x^(2)=25.38, df=2, P＜.001) 즉, 知名度(Popularity Level)가 높은 集團이 道德性發達水準도 높다는 結果를 나타내었다. 그러므로 硏究에서 보면, 兒童의 道德性發達水準과 同僚集團의 水準間에는 類似性이 없는 것으로 보아 同僚에 대한 同一視는 示唆되지 않고, 反面에, 知名度가 높은 集團이 道德性發達水準도 높은 것으로 보아 兒童의 道德性 發達은 Piaget나 Kohlberg의 認知理論으로 說明하는 것이 보다 妥當한 것 같다. 따라서 兒童의 道德性 發達水準을 높여주기 위해서, 同僚集團의 受容 精度와 關聯된 諸 要因에 대한 硏究의 必要性을 提起하는 바다.