Heitor Villa-Lobos의 <Bachianas brasileiras no.5>에 관한 연구

Abstract

Brazil was discovered in the 15th century by the Portuguese, and for 300 years, it was a Portuguese colony. At this time, Portuguese brought aborigines from Africa as slaves, then the music in Brazil was influenced to Portuguese and Africans. Above all, Portuguese christian attendants gave the big influence to the music as musical vigor in Brazil where it was a semi-barbarous place about the culture. Most of Brazilian music was sacred songs which were effected by Portuguese church music which imitated Europe. Even though Brazil became independent from Portugal in 1822, the music did not leave from its European influence. In the mid-19th century, the new style of music, which was mixed European music and the factor of folk music, made when national music was shown. Brazilian music was developped by the form combining modem and folk music. Villa-Lobos contributed to bring up Brazilian music as one of the most significant music of the world. Heitor Villa-Lobos was as famous as the first Brazilian musician, and his music reflected the various diversity between human and nature in Brazil. His music showes the high standard created with various rhythm, description, and method of musical instruments. He wrote 1000 different genres of music, such as Opera, Ballet suite, Symphony, Concerto, and Solo song. His composition-style was influenced by J.S.Bach, D.Milhaud, A.Rubinstein, and R.Wangner. <Bachianas Brasileiras: 1930-1944>, one of his masterpieces, is from the baroque provision, and has a total of nine products which are made with various instruments and vocal music groups. Inspired from a work of J.S.Bach, Villa-Lobos realized the combination with Bach 's counterpoint, rhythmic, and melodious tradition of Brazil. Actually, ostinato figures and long pedal tone express a feature of neo-classism even though the use of Baroque composition is not much in each works. This thesis, Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5, is completed with Soprano and eight Cello Ensemble, edited music with piano. Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5, which is organized with Soprano and Cello Ensemble, resemble Bach's musical feature (harmony, lyrical melody, and long phrase) and Cantinela from first Aria associate Air from Bach's Suit No. 3.;본 논문은 20세기초 브라질이 낳은 최대의 작곡가 에이토르 빌라-로보스(Heitor Villa-Lobos:1887∼l959)의 브라질의 민속 음악을 흡수하여 자신의 즉흥성을 결합하여 작곡한<Bachianas Brasileiras No.5>에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 세계적으로 알려진 최초의 브라질인 음악가이며, 그의 음악은 브라질의 자연과 인간의 무한한 다양성을 반영하고 있다. 거기에는 남미적이고, 유머가 넘치는 묘사와 리듬, 그리고 조성을 대비시켜 가면서 매우 자유로운 화음으로 끊임없이 악기법을 탐구해 가는 매우 높은 수준의 창조성을 엿볼 수 있다. 그는 모든 감각으로 하나의 개성적인 음악어법에 동화시킨 것을 표현했다. 빌라-로보스는 오페라, 발레음악, 심포니, 콘체르토, 가곡 작품들을 썼는데 그 스타일은 요한 세바스찬 바흐(J.S. Bach:1685년-1750년)와 다리우스 미요(D. Milhaud:1892년-1974년)와 안틴 루빈스타인(A. Rubinstein:1829년-1894년), 루돌프 바그너(R. Wagner:1813년-1883년)의 영향을 받았으며, 또한 브라질 타악기들과 브라질 리듬의 원형으로 더 채웠다. 그의 성격적인 작품들 중 하나로 바흐의 스타일인 대위법적인 테ヨ닉을 브라질 음악의 근원에 둔くBachianas Brasileiras:1930∼1944)는 다양한 악기와 성악그룹으로 9작품으로 되어있다. 이 중 소프라노와 8대의 첼로 앙상블로 이루어지는<Bachianas Brasileiras No.5>는 서정적인 아름다움과 기교적인 화려함을 지니고있다.