환경미화원복의 기능성 향상을 위한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conduct a questionnaire survey on the actual conditions of the work clothing and protective equipment put on by street cleaners who belonged to each district office of the Seoul Metropolis, then to identify their inconvenience and problems and to draw solutions to improve them, and finally to design a spring-and-autumn street cleaner uniform which has enhanced functionalities such as motional flexibility, safety and soil proof. The questionnaire survey of this study was done by observations and interviews. It was conducted with street cleaners who were in charge of street cleaning and collecting the recyclable waste. A total of 392 questionnaire sheets were analyzed. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, material, design and pattern were considered. Then the sample uniforms, of which functionality was enhanced, were made. A quantitative evaluation and a sensory evaluation, which consisted of outward appearance, motional flexibility and fitness for filed operation, were made on the sample uniforms compared with the current uniforms. 1. Questionnaire Survey As a result of the questionnaire survey, easily worn-out parts of the work clothing were the sleeve hems and the front part on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and zipper on the lower uniform. Easily soiled parts were the sleeve hems, parts of arm on the upper uniform, and the trouser hems and knee parts on the lower uniform. Regarding inconvenient parts according to the motions of the work clothing, those that accounted for a high percentage were the parts of shoulder, armpit and back on the upper uniform, and the parts of knee, hip and thigh on the lower uniform. With regard to questions about satisfaction with material, a low satisfaction was found in the questions of ventilation and absorptiveness for sweat. Regarding questions about important functions of the working clothing, activity made up the highest percentage, followed by safety and functionality(material), which implicated activity was considered most important. In respect to protective equipment for safety, the safety helmet accounted for the highest percentage, followed by gloves, working shoes and safety belt, all of which showed as high rates of wearing as more than 90%. As for inconvenient points, responses which took up a high percentage included the safety belt make a worker hot, the safety belt is separated from the working clothing, so it is inconvenient for working and the wristlets tighten wrists and make a worker feel stuffy. In questions about favorite designs of the working clothing, the favorite color of the upper uniform was green while that of the lower uniform was gray, which indicated that the subjects were generally satisfied with the current working clothing. With regard to the upper uniform, the type with four pockets was preferred. 2. Sample Uniform Design Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, the sample uniforms were designed in consideration of material, design and pattern. Coolon??, the existing high-functional and comfortable polyester fiber, was used for the upper and lower sample uniforms. Yet, Teflon??, a soil-proof material, was used for easily soiled parts such as sleeve hems, knee parts and trouser hems. Reflective material was applied to the parts such as chest, back and the side lines of sleeves and trousers to raise visibility in working and to ensure safety. Regarding sample uniform design, zipper is substituted for button on existing pockets. The front part was complete with buttons, but an outer hem was added so that the buttons would not get caught during work. Strings were attached on the hems of sleeves and trousers, so as to tighten them if necessary. For a pattern design, moreover, a 4cm crease was given to each side of the back. The height of sleeve cap was lowered to lift the motional flexibility of back and arm parts. Darts were applied to elbow and knee parts for a three-dimensional design. Gussets were inserted in the thigh part to give it activity. 3. Evaluation of Samples A quantitative evaluation and a sensory evaluation, which was composed of outward appearance, motional flexibility and fitness for field operation, were conducted. Seven subjects and eight experts evaluated outward appearance and motional flexibility. As a result, the sample uniforms were evaluated more highly in all items than the current uniforms. Fitness for the field operation was evaluated by eight street cleaners. The sample uniforms were evaluated more highly in all items except the one about the length of the upper uniform. The quantitative evaluation was done by seven subjects to measure the difference of the length in the bottom and the maximum movement range. As a result, the sample uniforms had a less difference of the length in the bottom of the upper uniform than the current uniforms. The sample uniforms also showed a higher range of maximum movement. This supported the results of the sensory evaluation.; 본 연구는 서울시 각 구청에 소속된 환경미화원을 대상으로 작업복과 보호구의 착의실태에 관한 설문조사를 하여 불편사항과 문제점을 파악하고 이를 토대로 개선방안을 도출하여 동작적응성, 안전성, 방오성 등의 기능성이 향상된 춘추용 환경미화원복을 설계하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 설문조사는 직접관찰과 면담을 통하여 작성되었으며 가로청소와 재활용쓰레기 수거 환경미화원을 대상으로 하였으며 총 392부의 설문지를 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 소재, 디자인, 패턴을 고려하여 기능성이 향상된 실험복을 제작하고 외관평가, 동작적응성 평가, 현장 활동 적합성 평가로 이루어진 관능평가와 정량적 평가를 통하여 기존복과 비교평가 하였다. 1. 설문조사 설문조사 결과 작업복에서 잘 해지는 부위는 상의에서 소매 끝과 앞여밈부위, 하의에서 바지 끝과 지퍼부위로 나타났으며 오염이 심한 부위는 상의에서 소매 끝과 팔 부위, 하의에서 바지 끝과 무릎부위로 나타났다. 작업복의 동작에 따른 불편부위로는 상의의 경우 어깨부위, 겨드랑이, 등부위이고 하의의 경우 무릎부위, 엉덩이부위, 허벅지부위가 높게 나타났다. 소재의 만족도를 묻는 문항에서는 통기성과 땀 흡수성의 문항에서 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 작업복에서 중요한 기능에 대한 문항에서는 활동성, 안전성, 기능성(소재) 순으로 나타나 활동성을 가장 중시하는 것으로 조사되었다. 안전보호구는 안전모, 장갑, 작업화, 안전띠의 순으로 모두 90% 이상의 높은 착용률을 보였으며 불편사항으로는 안전띠는 덥고 작업복과 분리되어 활동이 불편하고 토시의 경우는 손목이 죄여 답답하다는 응답이 높게 나타났다. 작업복의 선호하는 디자인의 문항에서 작업복 색상의 경우 상의는 초록색, 하의는 회색을 선호하여 기존 작업복에 대체적으로 만족하였으며 상의의 주머니는 4개를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 실험복 설계 설문조사 결과를 토대로 소재, 디자인, 패턴을 고려한 실험복을 설계하였다. 실험복의 상·하의 소재는 기존의 고기능 쾌적성 폴리에스테르 섬유인 Coolon?? 소재를 사용하되 소매 끝, 무릎부위, 바지 끝의 오염이 쉽게 되는 부위에는 오염방지 소재인 Teflon?? 소재를 사용하였으며 작업 시 가시성을 높여 안전성을 부여하기 위해 가슴부위, 등부위, 소매옆선, 바지옆선에 재귀반사 소재를 사용하였다. 실험복 디자인 설계는 상의는 기존 주머니의 단추 여밈을 지퍼로 바꾸어주고 앞여밈부위는 단추로 하되 덧단을 대어 작업 시 단추가 걸리지 않도록 설계하였다. 소매 끝과 바지 끝 여밈은 스트링을 달아서 필요시 오므릴 수 있도록 제작 하였다. 또한 패턴 설계는 등 양쪽에 주름분을 각각 4cm씩 주고 소매산을 낮추어 등부위와 팔의 동작적응성을 높였으며 팔꿈치, 무릎부위에 다트를 넣어 입체적으로 설계하고 바지 가랑이 부위에 무를 삽입하여 활동성을 부여하였다. 3. 착의 평가 외관평가, 동작적응성 평가, 현장 활동 적합성 평가로 이루어진 관능평가와 정량적 평가를 실시하였다. 외관평가와 동작적응성 평가는 피험자 7명과 전문가 집단 8명으로 구성된 평가단에 의하여 이루어졌으며 모든 항목에서 기존복보다 실험복이 더 우수한 평가를 받았다. 현장 활동 적합성 평가는 8명의 실제 환경미화원들에 의해 이루어졌으며 상의길이 항목을 제외한 모든 항목에서 더 나은 평가를 받았다. 정량적 평가는 피험자 7명에 대해 동작 시 밑단의 위치 이동길이와 최대동작 범위를 측정한 결과 기존복보다 실험복의 상의 밑단의 위치 이동길이가 더 작게 나타나고 최대동작 범위는 더 크게 측정되어 관능평가 결과를 뒷받침 해 주었다.