天道敎 女性團體에 대한 一硏究

Abstract

1920年代는 韓國女性史에 있어서 劃期的인 時代였다. 西歐의 女性들은 1920年을 前後하여 參政權을 獲得하였으며. 日本女性들은 婦人參政權協會를 組織하여 鬪爭을 벌이면서 1923年에는 婦人參政權問題가 國會에서 論議되기에 이르렀다. 韓國의 女性 역시 男女共同의 戰線으로 三·一運動을 展開한 直後였다. 이로 인하여 日帝가 文化政治를 標榜하자 韓國女性들은 단체를 組織하여 近代的인 女性運動을 벌였다. 이 時點에서 民族의 傳統性을 基調로 하는 民族宗敎인 天道敎를 基盤으로 하는 여성단체들 역시 多角的인 活動을 展開하였다. 「天道敎女子靑年會」는 女性의 經濟上·法律上의 地位向上 母性保讓 및 不當란 結婚과 人身賣買 等의 惡習 打破를 綱領으로 내어 女權鬪爭을 展開하였다. 그리고 婦人團體인 「天道敎內修團」은 衣生活改善運動, 婦人들을 爲한 敎育活動, 逑信打破, 舊習改善, 農村女性啓蒙 等의 事業을 活潑히 進行시켰다. 한편 「天道敎女性同盟」은 社會主義와 自由主義 女性들이 提擄란 女性單一勢力인 「權友會」를 支援하였다. 前期 女性運動은 高官顯職의 婦人들이 앞장을 섰기 때문에 一般大衆의 呼應을 받지 못하였으나, 民族의 傳統性을 基調로 하는 天道敎女性들에 의한 事業은 天道敎會의 組織을 基盤으로 一般大衆 깊숙이 浸透할 수 있었다. 또한 이들에 의하여 提起된 女性問題가 비록 實踐되지는 않았다 하더라도 女性運動의 目標를 提示하고, 理念을 啓蒙하였으며 또 實力을 어느 정도 養成하였다는 點에서 이들의 女性運動은 近代的 女性運動의 性格을 띄었다. 日帝의 혹독한 彈壓과 敎會의 紛糾로 인하여 敎勢가 급격히 변화 하였지만 1920年代 後半에 이르러서 天道敎 女性運動은 그 絶頂에 달하였다. 이들은 전체여성운동을 支配하지는 못하였지만 밀어 닥치는 西歐文物에 對한 理解와 適應을 위한 敎養에 힘쓰며, 女性問題를 提起하는 등 女性運動 近代化 課程에 있어서 그 意義는 결코 적지 않았다고 볼 수 있다.;1920S was an epochal period in the world history of woman Around 1920 the westen women for the first time obtained their political rights and the Diet in Japan began to discuss the problem of woman suffrage. In Korea it was the time immediately after the Sam-il movement in which Korea women actively participated on the corperative line which men. With the mitigated attitude of Imperial Japan claiming to stand for cultural policies as a result of Sam-il Movement, the Korean woman began to form various organizations and embarked the women's movement. "Young Women's Cheondokyo Aaasociation" set up their general principles involving the improvement of their economical, political status, the protection of motherhood, and the eradication of abuses such as unjust marriage, of human traffic. "Cheondokyo Ethical Trainning Association", an women's body undertook to proceed the various movements involving the im provement of clothing and old habits, educational activities for women, the overthrow of superstition, the enlightment of rural women, and etc. In addition, "Cheondokyo Woman's Union" supported "Keonwoohoi", the organization of united power of socialism and liberalism. Through the early women's movements headed by the wives of high-ranking officials could not be welcomed by the people, the activities by the Cheondokyo women groups based upon the tradition of the people could penetrate deeply into the people with the help of its religious organization. Even through the problems suggested by them were not fairly carried out, their activities had modern characteristics of women's movements in the respect that they illuminated the object and the idea of women's movement and improved their practical ability to a ertain extent. In spite of the weakening of the Cheondokyo's power resulted from the severly suppressive Japanese rule and the internal conflicts within Cheondokyo churches, the Cheondokyo women's movements come to its culmination to the late 1920s. Someavhat feeble as these movements were, they had greatly contributed to the enlightment and adjustment of the overflowing western civilization and the advancement of women's culture in the course of modernization of.women's movement.