우리나라 主要 農産物의 流通에 關한 地理的 考察

Abstract

우리나라는 1960년대 이후 산업근대화 정책으로 농업인구의 감소와 더불어 국민소득의 증대를 가져왔다. 그리고 농산물의 생산과 소비의 큰 변화를 가져왔으며 또한 교통 통신의 발달과 농업기술의 보급확대로 상업영농의 시대를 맞이하게 되었다. 더욱이 1986년 農産物의 輸出市場을 둘러싼 각국의 경쟁은 농산물의 生産과 消費 流通이라는 측면에서 우리나라의 농업에 큰 변화를 예고하고 있다. 여기에서 우리의 食生活과 가장 관련깊은 마늘, 양파, 고추, 사과, 배추, 감자의 생산과 소비에 관한 지역간 유통관계를 고찰하였다. 연구지역은 15개의 주요 소비시장이라 할 수 있는 서울, 부산, 대구, 인천, 광주, 수원, 춘천, 강릉, 청주, 대전, 전주, 목포, 마산, 울산, 제주를 조사하였고 生産地는 전국 市.郡을 대상으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도시의 인구집중현상과 도시가구의 소득농산물 수요의 도시집중 현상과 도시지향적 유통구조를 가져왔다. 둘째, 상업적 영농 작물과 자연조건에 맞는 영농기술의 개발로 특정 농산물의 생산지역이 특화되고 있다. 예를 들면 '사과와 고추의 경우 경북북부지역이며 양파는 경남·북과 전남지역이 감자는 강원지역이 주산지 특화를 이룬다. 세째, 소비시장 주변 市郡에 主産地 有無에 의해 搬入지역과 搬入比重은 달라진다. 주산지가 입지한 경우 반입권은 확대되고 특정주산지에 대한 반입비중은 증가한다. 넷째, 농산물의 특성에 따라 소비시장의 반입권은 다르다. 부패성과 운송부담이 큰 배추는 반입권이 좁고 부패성과 운송부담이 적은 사과와 고추는 반입권이 넓다. 다섯째, 교통통신의 발달로 집산지 기능을 지닌 시장에서의 역반출입은 감소하고 생산지에서의 직접반입이 증가한다. 여섯째, 주산시 성격이 강한 생산지는 중심소비시장에 대한 출하의존도가 낮고 주산시 성격이 약한 생산지는 중심도시 소비시장에 대한 출하 의존도가 높다. 다섯째, 消費市場주변 市郡에 主産地 立地有無에 의해 搬入地域과 반입비중은 다르다. 主産地가 立地한 경우 搬入권은 확대되고 特定主産地에 대한 搬入比重은 增加한다. 여섯째, 農産物의 商品質에 따라 消費市場의 搬入圈은 다르다. 부패성과 운송부담이 큰 배추는 반입권이 좁고 부패성과 운송부담이 적은 사과와 고추는 반입권이 넓다.;Since 1960s in Korea, the policy of industrial modernization has brought in the decrease in the farming population as well as the increase in gross national income. And it has also brought in the rapid change of the agricultural products and the consumption. The growth of traffic and communication, and the extension of agricultural technique have resulted in the growth of the commercial farming. In addition, the international competition between countries abroad for exporting their agricultural products of Korea, in 1986, predicted the rapid change of our agriculture. Based on these facts, I have attempted to investigate geographically on the production and consumption of garlics, onions, peppers, apples, cabbages and potatos which have most deep relation with our dietary life. The objective areas were Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Inchon, Kwangju, Suwon, Chunchon, Kangreung, Chungju, Daejon, Jeonju, Mokpo, Masan, Ulsan, and Cheju as consuming areas, and nationwide si and guns as producing areas. The data were based on the production of the agricultural products and their consumed quantity. The results of the investigation are as follows: First, cityward concentration of the population, and the increase in urban family income have led to concentrating of the demand for agricultural products into the cities and city-oriented structure of the circulation. Second, the producing arease of the agricultural products change together with the development of traffic and communication, the increase in land value, and the change of consumption pattern. That is, the producing areas of apples have moved to suburb si and guns because of the increasing in the consumption of the cities, where those of peppers and cabbages have moved to the areas far from the cities because of the traffic development and the increase in the value of suburb areas. Third, due to the growth of commercial farming, the producing areas of some specific agricultural products have become specified. For example, the main producing areas of apples and peppers become northern parts of Kyongbuk, those of onions southern parts of Kyongsang-do, southern parts of Cheorra-do, and those of potatos Kangwon-do. Fourth, the change of the producing areas of the agricultural products has influenced upon carrying-in areas of the main consuming cities. In case of apples, as the producing areas have moved to suburb areas, and the main producing areas been specified to the northern parts of Kyongbuk, the carrying-in proportion from these areas has been increasing. In case of cabbages, the producing areas have been extending nationwidely and the size of carrying-in areas depends upon that of the market. The producing areas of peppers have been extending, and the northern areas of Kyongbuk have been specified as the main producing areas. In the consuming markets of the big cities, carrying-in proportion becomes higher by the sizes of the specified main producing areas, and in the consuming markets of the medium and small cities, carrying-in proportion from the around si and guns becomes higher. Fifth, the carrying-in proportion depends upon the existence of main producing areas around the consuming markets of si and guns. If there are producing areas around the si and guns. The size of carrying-in would be extended and the carrying-in proportion of specific main producing areas become higher. Sixth, the nature of the agricultural products makes differences in carrying-in size of the consuming markets. The cabbages of which nature to be rotten and cost of transportation are high, have small sized carrying-in areas, while apples and peppers of which two features above mentioned are low, have large sized carrying-in areas. Seventh, in the markets of big cities which have the functions as distributing areas, the development of traffic and communication has made carrying-in of reverse carried-out products decreased, and firect carrying-in proprotion from the producing areas increased.