初·中等學校 學生들의 國家意識에 관한 調査 硏究

Abstract

"國籍없는 敎育"이라는 반성과 더불어, 民族의 주체성이나 國家意識이 어느때보다 강조되는 韓國敎育의 現實에서,初·中等學校 學生들의 國家意識이 어떻게 형성되느냐 하는 것은 個人은 물론 國家的·社會的 側面에서도 매우 중요하다. 그래서 本 硏究의 目的은 初·中等學校 學生들의 國家意識의 실태와 그 問題點을 파악하여, 일선 敎育現場에서의 國家意識 確立敎育에 必要한 基礎資料를 提供하고, 나아가서는 肯定的인 國家意識을 형성할 수 있는 學校敎育의 방향을 모색하는데 있다. 本 硏究의 理論的인 경은 여러 학자의 理論이나, 기타 關係文獻을 통하여 살펴보았으며, 현재 初·中等學敎 學生들은 지니고 있는 國家意識의 실태는 質問紙를 통하여 조사하였다. 調査對象은 경기도 의정부시내에 있는 國民學校 2個校, 中學校 4個校(男·女 各 2個校), 高等學敎 4個校(男·女 各 2個校)에서 總 720名을 선정하였으며, 質問紙는 國家意識을 測定할 수 있는 下位要素 즉 愛國心, 國家와 民族에 대한 矜持, 國家와의 一體感, 安保觀, 統一觀 韓國未來의 展望 等으로 구분하여 총 22問項으로 구성하였다. 本 硏究에서 수집된 모든 資料는 男·女別, 學校級別(初·中·高), 成績別(上·中·下)로 分類하여, 반응수에 의한 백분율(%)과 T-test를 使用하여 統計處理하였다. 本 硏究의 조사결과, 初·中等學校 學生들의 國家意識은 비교적 肯定的으로 형성되어 있는 것으로 냐타났다. 특히, 愛國心이나 國家와의 一體感보다는, 國家와 民族에 대한 矜持, 安保觀, 統一觀, 韓國未來의 展望 等에 대해서는 매우 肯定的이며 확고한 態度를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 男·女別, 學校級別, 成績別로 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 女學生이 남학생에 비해 相對的으로 國家意識이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 國家意識은 情意的 색채가 짙은 것으로, 女學生이 男學生에 비해 정서적이고 受容的인 성향을 가진 때문으로 해석된다. 各級學校에서는 特히 男學生들의 情意的 特性의 敎育에 加一層 注力해야 하겠다. 둘째, 學校級別간에 國家意識의 의의있는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 國家와 民族에 대한 矜持, 統一觀, 韓國未來의 展望 等의 韓國의 過去나 未來認識에 대해서는 上級學校로 갈수록 肯定的인 반응이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 反面에 국제경쟁이나 위기에 있는 國家에의 參與度를 나타내는 愛國心이나 安保意識은 上級學校로 갈수록 높아지는 것으로 냐타났다. 그러므로 學校級別 수준에 맞는 국가의식 형성의 敎育的 방안이 樹立되고 실천되어야 하겠다. 또한 國家와의 一體感은 全般的으로 비교적 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 國民學生에 비해 中·高等學生들이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 成績別로는 國家意識의 意義있는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.;Under the circumstances of that the subjectivity of nation or the consciousness about native country is emphasized more than ever, together with the regret of ″the education without nativity,″ the problem that how school students′ nation-spirits get formed is most significant at the not only individual but also national and social aspects. Accordingly the purpose of this study is to provide some essential materials to erict nation-spirit at the linar educational spots through an overview of the conditions or the problems of school students′ nation spirits, and at the end to grasp the educational method which can aform positive consciousness about the nation. The theoretical backgrounds of this study were searched through many scholars′ theories or the other related literaries, and the actual conditions of the present school students′ nation - consciousness were invetigated through the paper. Out of two elementary schools, four junior-high school (two men′s plus two women′s) and four senior-high schools (two men′s plus two women′s), totally 720 students were selected as the specimen for the investigation, and the inquiring paper was designed with 22 questions which involve basic elements, that enable us judge the consciousness about the nation of the students/ that is patriotic spirits, prides on nation and ancestors, united feelings with nation, the view of military peace, the view of getting in unity of the dividened country and the prospect of Korean future at cetera. Every data was grouped separately according to sex, grades (elementary, middle and high and records (higher, normal and lower of accomplished scores), and put to statistical processes of the percentage by responded number and T-test. As the outcome of this study school students′ consciousness to the nation was appeared to be rather positively formated. Especially rather than patriotic spirits and united feelings with nation, prides on nation and ancestors, the view of military peace, the view of getting in unity of the dividened country and the prospect of Korean future etc. were revealed to be much more positive and confirmed in them. The differences according to sex, grades and scores are like these: First, girl students were appeared to be higher than boys comparatively in the spirits to the nation. It is interpreted as the more emotional and passive characteristics of girl students, considering the passionate nature of the spirit for the nation. In each grades of school education the emphasis upon the emotional characteristics of education to the boys is more needed. Secondly there were meaningful differences of the consciousness to the nation among the grades-classes. As being the grade higher, prides on nation and ancestors, united feelings with nation, the view of getting in unity of the dividened country and the prospect of Korean future etc. are getting lower in the extent of positive reflection. At the other hand, patriotic spirits and the view of military peace, which represents the concern about the international conflict or national crisis, are becoming more positively reflectional as being the grade higher. Thirdly, at the aspect according to the differences of records there was no meaningful differences in the consciousness to the nation.