국내 독감백신 투여현황과 투여 결정에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구

Abstract

This is a study on the current status of prevalence and determinants of influenza vaccination in Korea. It aimed to identify the 2004 influenza vaccination coverage, as well as determinants, recognition and plans of influenza vaccination. Questionnaire sheets were used to survey four areas such as Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gwangju and Cheonnam from April to June 2005. SPSS-PC was employed to analyze data. Chi-square test was used to investigate relations between vaccination and determinants. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to implement research on correlations between many independent variables affecting vaccination. It was defined that there was a statistic significance with P value <0.05. Of 1,465 respondents to the questionnaire survey, those who were vaccinated against influenza accounted for 69.1%. Males were 694 and females were 771. The percentage of those at age 1-12 was 4.6%. The percentage of those at age 13-39 and 40-64 was 31.5% and 31.8% respectively. The percentage of those at age 65 and older was 32.0%. With respect to the main area of residence, 546 respondents lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi while 833 lived in Gwangju and Cheonnam. Those with chronic diseases (defined in this study as cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure; asthma; respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; diabetes; chronic renal diseases; and an immune deficiency due to anti-cancer medicine) made up 22.9%. In terms of the percentage of vaccination, males made up a higher percentage than females. The percentage of those at age 65 and older was 91.7%, showing a high rate of vaccination. Influenza vaccination coverage was found higher in those with low educational level than in those with chronic diseases and those with high educational level. Regarding the motive of vaccination, the response of vaccination by self-determination accounted for 43.6%, the highest percentage, followed by public relations such as broadcasting(24.1%), recommendations by families or friends(22.4%), doctors’ advice(5.8%) and by accident(2.0%). In respect to plans of influenza vaccination, those vaccinated in 2004 showed a higher percentage in the response that they would be vaccinated than those not vaccinated in 2004. In conclusion, as for influenza vaccination coverage, the percentage of vaccination was significantly influenced in accordance with whether to have chronic diseases and recognition of vaccination, and mainly found high in old people.;본 연구는 국내 독감백신 투여현황과 투여 결정에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구로 2004년 백신투여율과 백신투여결정에 영향을 미치는 인자, 백신에 대한 인지도 및 백신 접종계획 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 2005년 4월부터 6월까지 서울, 경기, 광주, 전남 네 곳을 중심으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 SPSS-PC를 이용하여 분석되었고 백신투여와 인자들과의 관련성은 Chi-square test를 이용하였으며 백신투여에 미치는 여러 독립변수들의 상관관계는 Multivariate Logistic Regression을 사용하여 시행하였다. P값이 0.05미만일 때 통계학적 유의성이 있는 것으로 판정하였다 설문조사에 응한 1465명 중 69.1%가 독감백신을 투여 받았고 남성 694명, 여성 771명이었으며 1-12세가 4.6%, 13-39세와 40-64세가 각각 31.5%, 31.8%이고 65세 이상이 32.0%였다. 주요 거주지는 서울, 경기가 546명이고 광주, 전남이 833명이었으며 만성질환(본 연구에서는 고혈압 등 심혈관계 질환, 천식, 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환과 같은 호흡계 질환, 당뇨병, 만성신장질환, 항암제 투여로 인해 면역이 결여된 경우 등으로 규정함)이 있는 사람이 22.9%였다. 백신 접종률은 남성보다 여성이 더 높은 접종률을 보였고 65세 이상에서의 접종률이 91.7%로 높게 나타났으며 만성질환자와 고학력자보다 저학력자에서 더 높게 나타났다. 백신을 투여하게 된 계기는 본인 스스로의 자발적 투여라는 응답이 가장 많은 43.6%를 차지하였고 방송 등 대중홍보(24.1%), 가족이나 친구들의 권유(22.4%), 담당의사의 권유(5.8%), 우연한 기회(2.0%)순으로 나타났다. 독감백신 접종계획은 2004년 비투여했던 사람보다 투여 받았던 사람에게서 접종하겠다고 답한 사람이 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 독감백신 접종률은 만성질환의 유무와 백신에 대한 인지도에 따라 투여율에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며 노년층에서 주로 높게 나타났다.